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99 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The release of an ovum from the female ovary is called ________
ovulation
Fertilization occurs in the
fallopian tube
During the early phase of cell division researchers refer to the organism as ________.
a zygote
During cell division in a zygote, one cell divides and forms a heart cell and another cell divides and forms a brain cell. Which of the following best describes the process that is taking place?
differentiation
The three major stages of prenatal development are
germinal, embryonic, and fetal
The ________ stage of prenatal development takes place during the first two weeks after conception.
germinal
In which stage of prenatal development does implantation occur?
germinal
The formation of the trophoblast and blastocyst occur during the ________ stage.
germinal
The trophoblast is the ________ layer of cells of a developing zygote.
outer
The blastocyst is the ________ layer of cells of a developing zygote
inner
Which of the following structures differentiate to become the placenta, the umbilical cord, and other support structures for the developing baby?
trophoblast
The process where the zygote embeds itself into the inner lining of the mother's uterus is called
mplantation
The embryonic stage of prenatal development has all of the following milestones EXCEPT
implantation
A zygote is referred to as an embryo after the zygote
implants itself in the uterine lining
Which stage of prenatal development occurs during the third to eighth weeks of pregnancy?
embryonic
Dana is seven weeks pregnant. In which stage of prenatal development is her baby
embryonic
The outer layer of the cell mass during the embryonic stage, which gives rise to the nervous system, sensory receptors, and outer skin layers, is called the
ectoderm
The circulatory system and the skeleton are ultimately formed by which embryonic layer of cells?
mesoderm
The endodermic layer eventually becomes the
respiratory system
The formation of the placenta occurs during which stage of prenatal development?
embryonic
A naturally occurring termination of a pregnancy before the baby is born alive is called
a spontaneous abortion
The neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, begins to develop during which stage?
embryonic
The spongy tissue that grows out of the trophoblast layer and into the uterine lining of the mother is called the
placenta
Which of the following structures connects the placenta and allows materials to be carried to and from the developing organism?
umbilical cord
"Cephalo" and "caudal" bear the same relation as
head to tail
In prenatal development, the heart tissue forms before the arms. This pattern of prenatal development is described as
proximodistal
The times when developing structures in the embryo are most prone to damage by environmental events are called
critical periods
The process in organ formation where each major organ and system becomes represented by its own unique cellular tissue is called
organogenesis
When organogenesis is complete, the organism is then called
a fetus
The first reflexes appear during which of the following prenatal stages of development?
fetal
The fetal stage occurs between
9 weeks and birth
Betty is a pregnant woman who says that she can feel her baby's movements in utero. In which stage of prenatal development is her baby?
fetal
The amniotic fluid buffers the developing child against all of the following EXCEPT
infections
Teratology is the study of teratogens, which are
substances that might cause birth defects
Which of the following is NOT an example of a teratogen?
genetic defect
Which of the following terms refers to births that occur before 37 weeks of gestation?
preterm birth
A fetal alcohol syndrome newborn shows which of the following symptoms?
microcephaly
Tight eyelids, flattened midface, short nose, and thin upper lip are all associated with which of the following teratogens?
alcohol
According to surveys, what percentage of women drink alcohol during their pregnancies?
10%
Which of the following processes is NOT a way in which alcohol can damage a fetus?
Alcohol can cause Down syndrome
Which of the following statements regarding fetal alcohol effects (FAEs) is TRUE?
Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAEs) may not be noticed until later in childhood
________-exposed newborns can show evidence of hemorrhage, lesions, swelling in the brain, and other brain abnormalities.
Cocaine
Monica used cocaine while she was pregnant with her baby. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be seen in her newborn?
irritability
Which of the following statements regarding the effects of cocaine on prenatal development is FALSE?
Cocaine affects the functioning of the brain but not its overall size or structure.
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism through which cigarette smoking typically impacts prenatal development?
The fetus is born addicted to nicotine and must go through a process of detoxification
Which of the following is the most common problem associated with newborns of mothers who smoke?
low birth weight
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy can damage the
placenta
A woman's chance of ________ increases threefold if she catches herpes simplex virus in early pregnancy.
miscarriage
Which of the following statements regarding cytomegalovirus (CMV) is FALSE?
Adults usually have serious health problems as a result of the CMV
Which of the following diseases would cause a baby to almost always be born with birth defects, such as deafness, facial deformities, excess fluid in the brain, and mental retardation, if a mother contracts this disease while pregnant and does not get treatment?
syphilis
In the United states, approximately ________ teenagers become pregnant each year
850,000
Kelly is 14 and pregnant. Which of the following problems is Kelly's baby most likely to have
low-birth weight
Which of the following is NOT a factor that tends to be associated with teenage pregnancy?
a deep desire to have children
All of the following are factors for low-birth weight babies in older women EXCEPT
already having had one or more children
The critical period of maximum risk to a developing organism due to teratogens is during
weeks three to eight
Which of the following is TRUE about unhealthy sperm?
Most damaged sperm do not survive the long journey to the egg.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about cocaine?
Cocaine ingested by the father can be carried to the egg cell during fertilization.
Cocaine accumulates in the testes.
Cocaine can bind to human sperm cells.
All of the above statements are true.
The majority of birth defects result from
the mother's exposure to toxins
Vague tightening in the uterus off and on weeks or months before delivery is called
false labor contractions
Which of the following present the stages of birth in the correct order?
dilation, delivery, afterbirth
The gradual opening of the cervix during the first stage of birth is called
dilation
The ________ is a tough ring of tissue that keeps the fetus inside the uterus
cervix
During stage one of labor, the cervix must dilate to approximately ________ to allow for passage of the baby.
6 cm
Which of the following statements about the first stage of birth is TRUE?
The cervix dilates to about 100 times its normal diameter
Your highly pregnant friend Jean calls you and reports that her contractions are regular and have been going on for about an hour. You suspect that she may be in which of the following labor stages?
Stage 1
Which of the stages of birth involve the baby actually moving through the birth canal?
Stage 2
The last stage of birth involves
the expulsion of the placenta
The process of afterbirth usually lasts
less than an hour
The breech position is a type of
malpresentation.
Anoxia is a type of
fetal distress
Which of the following is NOT a birthing complication that involves the position of the fetus?
anoxia
Which of the following is NOT a birth complication that involves fetal distress?
malpresentation
Anoxia can occur due to
deterioration of the placenta
Silver nitrate is used with newborns to
prevent visual problems
The white, cheesy coating that protects babies' skin before birth is called
vernix caseosa
Most newborns are given the Apgar Test at one minute and
five minutes.
Maria's baby has just received his second Apgar test. Maria is very pleased to hear that he received an excellent score. What score did Maria's baby most likely receive?
7 - 10
Which of the following statements about success in the transition to parenthood is FALSE?
The new parents experience no stress or problems
Jennifer and Michael just had their first baby. Which of the following issues would you tell them is unlikely that they would experience in their transition to parenthood?
issues about their own parents
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of sibling transition in an older sibling?
vomiting
Hospital births became the norm in this country around
the 1950s
According to Martin, et. al. (2003), what percentage of babies are born in hospitals in the United States?
99 percent
The term ________ refers to the use of birthing techniques designed to reduce muscle tension, promote relaxation, and reduce pain during labor and delivery.
prepared childbirth
The prepared childbirth approach is largely based on the work of
Dick-Read,Lamaze
Grantly Dick-Read theorized that women
experience more pain during labor and delivery because they don't know what to expect
Frederick Lamaze theorized that
women have been classically conditioned to believe that labor contractions will be painful
Which of the following is NOT a technique of childbirth
rooming-in
"Rooming-in" refers to the practice of allowing
the newborn to stay in the same room with his or her mother
A labor coach or companion
attends the childbirth preparation classes with the expectant mother.
The Leboyer method of childbirth does all of the following EXCEPT
simulating the amniotic fluid by giving water birth to the baby in a birthing tub
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a home birth?
the ready availability of equipment in case of problems
Having a mother lie flat on her back during birth
eases the process of birth for the physician
Research shows that the more a woman performs mild to moderate exercises during her pregnancy and keeps herself physically fit,
the fewer complications she is likely to experience during delivery.
Having more choices about her birth experience may
help women relax more during delivery and reduce their pain in childbirth.
Various studies have documented that anywhere from ________ of all hospital-based deliveries involve some type of medication for the relief of the mother's pain
70 to 95 percent
During the middle part of the twentieth century, doctors used ________ for pain relief during childbirth
major tranquilizers
The injection of a mixture of pain-relieving drugs into spaces along the spine of the mother before delivery is called ________.
epidural anesthesia
Studies about the effects of pain-relieving drugs on the health of the newborn baby have shown
consistent results that such pain-relieving drugs have serious long-term consequences
Which of the following factors has had the greatest impact on the father's role in childbirth?
the advent of prepared childbirth