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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The release of an ovum from the female ovary is called ________
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ovulation
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Fertilization occurs in the
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fallopian tube
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During the early phase of cell division researchers refer to the organism as ________.
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a zygote
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During cell division in a zygote, one cell divides and forms a heart cell and another cell divides and forms a brain cell. Which of the following best describes the process that is taking place?
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differentiation
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The three major stages of prenatal development are
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germinal, embryonic, and fetal
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The ________ stage of prenatal development takes place during the first two weeks after conception.
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germinal
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In which stage of prenatal development does implantation occur?
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germinal
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The formation of the trophoblast and blastocyst occur during the ________ stage.
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germinal
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The trophoblast is the ________ layer of cells of a developing zygote.
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outer
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The blastocyst is the ________ layer of cells of a developing zygote
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inner
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Which of the following structures differentiate to become the placenta, the umbilical cord, and other support structures for the developing baby?
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trophoblast
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The process where the zygote embeds itself into the inner lining of the mother's uterus is called
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mplantation
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The embryonic stage of prenatal development has all of the following milestones EXCEPT
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implantation
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A zygote is referred to as an embryo after the zygote
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implants itself in the uterine lining
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Which stage of prenatal development occurs during the third to eighth weeks of pregnancy?
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embryonic
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Dana is seven weeks pregnant. In which stage of prenatal development is her baby
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embryonic
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The outer layer of the cell mass during the embryonic stage, which gives rise to the nervous system, sensory receptors, and outer skin layers, is called the
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ectoderm
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The circulatory system and the skeleton are ultimately formed by which embryonic layer of cells?
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mesoderm
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The endodermic layer eventually becomes the
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respiratory system
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The formation of the placenta occurs during which stage of prenatal development?
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embryonic
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A naturally occurring termination of a pregnancy before the baby is born alive is called
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a spontaneous abortion
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The neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, begins to develop during which stage?
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embryonic
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The spongy tissue that grows out of the trophoblast layer and into the uterine lining of the mother is called the
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placenta
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Which of the following structures connects the placenta and allows materials to be carried to and from the developing organism?
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umbilical cord
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"Cephalo" and "caudal" bear the same relation as
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head to tail
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In prenatal development, the heart tissue forms before the arms. This pattern of prenatal development is described as
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proximodistal
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The times when developing structures in the embryo are most prone to damage by environmental events are called
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critical periods
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The process in organ formation where each major organ and system becomes represented by its own unique cellular tissue is called
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organogenesis
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When organogenesis is complete, the organism is then called
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a fetus
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The first reflexes appear during which of the following prenatal stages of development?
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fetal
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The fetal stage occurs between
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9 weeks and birth
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Betty is a pregnant woman who says that she can feel her baby's movements in utero. In which stage of prenatal development is her baby?
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fetal
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The amniotic fluid buffers the developing child against all of the following EXCEPT
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infections
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Teratology is the study of teratogens, which are
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substances that might cause birth defects
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a teratogen?
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genetic defect
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Which of the following terms refers to births that occur before 37 weeks of gestation?
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preterm birth
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A fetal alcohol syndrome newborn shows which of the following symptoms?
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microcephaly
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Tight eyelids, flattened midface, short nose, and thin upper lip are all associated with which of the following teratogens?
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alcohol
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According to surveys, what percentage of women drink alcohol during their pregnancies?
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10%
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Which of the following processes is NOT a way in which alcohol can damage a fetus?
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Alcohol can cause Down syndrome
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Which of the following statements regarding fetal alcohol effects (FAEs) is TRUE?
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Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAEs) may not be noticed until later in childhood
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________-exposed newborns can show evidence of hemorrhage, lesions, swelling in the brain, and other brain abnormalities.
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Cocaine
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Monica used cocaine while she was pregnant with her baby. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be seen in her newborn?
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irritability
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Which of the following statements regarding the effects of cocaine on prenatal development is FALSE?
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Cocaine affects the functioning of the brain but not its overall size or structure.
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Which of the following is NOT a mechanism through which cigarette smoking typically impacts prenatal development?
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The fetus is born addicted to nicotine and must go through a process of detoxification
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Which of the following is the most common problem associated with newborns of mothers who smoke?
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low birth weight
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Cigarette smoking during pregnancy can damage the
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placenta
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A woman's chance of ________ increases threefold if she catches herpes simplex virus in early pregnancy.
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miscarriage
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Which of the following statements regarding cytomegalovirus (CMV) is FALSE?
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Adults usually have serious health problems as a result of the CMV
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Which of the following diseases would cause a baby to almost always be born with birth defects, such as deafness, facial deformities, excess fluid in the brain, and mental retardation, if a mother contracts this disease while pregnant and does not get treatment?
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syphilis
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In the United states, approximately ________ teenagers become pregnant each year
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850,000
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Kelly is 14 and pregnant. Which of the following problems is Kelly's baby most likely to have
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low-birth weight
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that tends to be associated with teenage pregnancy?
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a deep desire to have children
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All of the following are factors for low-birth weight babies in older women EXCEPT
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already having had one or more children
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The critical period of maximum risk to a developing organism due to teratogens is during
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weeks three to eight
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Which of the following is TRUE about unhealthy sperm?
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Most damaged sperm do not survive the long journey to the egg.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about cocaine?
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Cocaine ingested by the father can be carried to the egg cell during fertilization.
Cocaine accumulates in the testes. Cocaine can bind to human sperm cells. All of the above statements are true. |
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The majority of birth defects result from
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the mother's exposure to toxins
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Vague tightening in the uterus off and on weeks or months before delivery is called
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false labor contractions
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Which of the following present the stages of birth in the correct order?
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dilation, delivery, afterbirth
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The gradual opening of the cervix during the first stage of birth is called
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dilation
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The ________ is a tough ring of tissue that keeps the fetus inside the uterus
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cervix
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During stage one of labor, the cervix must dilate to approximately ________ to allow for passage of the baby.
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6 cm
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Which of the following statements about the first stage of birth is TRUE?
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The cervix dilates to about 100 times its normal diameter
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Your highly pregnant friend Jean calls you and reports that her contractions are regular and have been going on for about an hour. You suspect that she may be in which of the following labor stages?
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Stage 1
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Which of the stages of birth involve the baby actually moving through the birth canal?
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Stage 2
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The last stage of birth involves
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the expulsion of the placenta
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The process of afterbirth usually lasts
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less than an hour
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The breech position is a type of
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malpresentation.
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Anoxia is a type of
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fetal distress
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Which of the following is NOT a birthing complication that involves the position of the fetus?
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anoxia
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Which of the following is NOT a birth complication that involves fetal distress?
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malpresentation
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Anoxia can occur due to
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deterioration of the placenta
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Silver nitrate is used with newborns to
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prevent visual problems
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The white, cheesy coating that protects babies' skin before birth is called
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vernix caseosa
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Most newborns are given the Apgar Test at one minute and
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five minutes.
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Maria's baby has just received his second Apgar test. Maria is very pleased to hear that he received an excellent score. What score did Maria's baby most likely receive?
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7 - 10
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Which of the following statements about success in the transition to parenthood is FALSE?
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The new parents experience no stress or problems
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Jennifer and Michael just had their first baby. Which of the following issues would you tell them is unlikely that they would experience in their transition to parenthood?
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issues about their own parents
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Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of sibling transition in an older sibling?
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vomiting
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Hospital births became the norm in this country around
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the 1950s
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According to Martin, et. al. (2003), what percentage of babies are born in hospitals in the United States?
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99 percent
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The term ________ refers to the use of birthing techniques designed to reduce muscle tension, promote relaxation, and reduce pain during labor and delivery.
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prepared childbirth
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The prepared childbirth approach is largely based on the work of
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Dick-Read,Lamaze
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Grantly Dick-Read theorized that women
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experience more pain during labor and delivery because they don't know what to expect
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Frederick Lamaze theorized that
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women have been classically conditioned to believe that labor contractions will be painful
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Which of the following is NOT a technique of childbirth
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rooming-in
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"Rooming-in" refers to the practice of allowing
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the newborn to stay in the same room with his or her mother
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A labor coach or companion
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attends the childbirth preparation classes with the expectant mother.
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The Leboyer method of childbirth does all of the following EXCEPT
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simulating the amniotic fluid by giving water birth to the baby in a birthing tub
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a home birth?
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the ready availability of equipment in case of problems
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Having a mother lie flat on her back during birth
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eases the process of birth for the physician
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Research shows that the more a woman performs mild to moderate exercises during her pregnancy and keeps herself physically fit,
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the fewer complications she is likely to experience during delivery.
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Having more choices about her birth experience may
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help women relax more during delivery and reduce their pain in childbirth.
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Various studies have documented that anywhere from ________ of all hospital-based deliveries involve some type of medication for the relief of the mother's pain
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70 to 95 percent
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During the middle part of the twentieth century, doctors used ________ for pain relief during childbirth
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major tranquilizers
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The injection of a mixture of pain-relieving drugs into spaces along the spine of the mother before delivery is called ________.
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epidural anesthesia
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Studies about the effects of pain-relieving drugs on the health of the newborn baby have shown
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consistent results that such pain-relieving drugs have serious long-term consequences
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Which of the following factors has had the greatest impact on the father's role in childbirth?
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the advent of prepared childbirth
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