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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the only bones to go through intramembranous/intramedullary ossification?
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1. Clavicle
2. Parietal (Partial) 3. Scapula (Partial) |
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Which bone is both Intramembranous AND Endochondral?
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Scapula
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Where is endochondral ossification performed?
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In the cartilage
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The ileum and jejunum are derived from which embryological structure of the GI tract?
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Midgut
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What does the gubernaculum become in men?
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Scrotal ligament (aka gubernacular testis)
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What does the gubernaculum become in women?
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1. Suspensory ligament of the ovary
2. Ovarian ligament 3. Round ligament |
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What travels with the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
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1. Ovarian Artery
2. Ovarian Vein |
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What embryological structure gives rise to the thyroid?
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Foramen cecum
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What classification of cells are the follicular and parafollicular cells of the thyroid?
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Simple cuboidal
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What classification of cells are responsible for CSF production?
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Simple cuboidal
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What is a rare cell type/classification in the body?
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1. Stratified cuboidal
(2. Stratified columnar) |
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Macrophages in the lungs?
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Dust cells
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Macrophages in the liver?
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Kupffer cells
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Macrophages in the brain?
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Microglia cells
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Macrophages in the skin?
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Langerhan cells
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Where is reticular tissue found?
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Lymph nodes and spleen
(Reticular = Type III Collagen) |
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What % of body weight is the skin?
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15%
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What layer of the epidermis is only found in the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet?
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Stratum lucidum
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Where is the melanin located in the epidermis?
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Stratum Germinativum or Stratum Basale (Basal Layer)
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What part of the skin contains macrophages?
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Hypodermis
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What layer of the skin contains fibroblasts?
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Hypodermis
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Which extrinsic muscle of the tongue is NOT innervated by CN XII?
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Palatoglossus (CN X)
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What separates the base of the tongue from the anterior/mobile part of the tongue?
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Circumvallate papillae
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What lies posterior to the circumvallate papillae?
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Lingual tonsils
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Which taste buds are not involved with taste?
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Filiform (also the smallest and most numerous)
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Which taste buds are the largest and fewest?
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Circumvallate (aka vallate)
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Where are the circumvallate papillae located in relation to the sulcus terminalis?
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Anterior
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Where are the foliate taste buds located?
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Sides of the tongue
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When the adenoids swell, what structure can they affect?
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They can occlude the opening to the eustachaian tube.
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What is the name of the nasopharynx opening of the auditory tube?
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Torus Tubarius
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Which muscle opens the jaw?
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External/lateral pterygoid
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What muscle is the primary closer of the jaw?
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Masseter
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Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?
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Nasopharynx
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At what vertebral level does the trachea begin?
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C6
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Where do the vocal cords attach?
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Arytenoid Cartilages
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Which vocal cords close the glottis, and what action is this?
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Posterior Cricoarytenoids, Abduction
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Which vocal cords open the glottis, and what action is this?
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Lateral Cricoarytenoids, Adduction
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Which ligament is considered a "false vocal cord"?
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Vestibular ligament
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What structure is continuous with the root of the neck?
1. Thoracic Outlet 2. Thoracic Inlet |
Thoracic INLET (aka "Superior Thoracic Aperture")
(FYI: Thoracic Outlet is the "Inferior Thoracic Aperture.) |
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What is the name of the area where the esophagus meets the greater curvature of the stomach?
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Cardiac Notch
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What type of muscle is in the esophagus?
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BOTH smooth and striated
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At what vertebral level does the vagus nerve enter the diaphragm?
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T10 (with esophagus)
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At what vertebral level does the azygous vein enter the diaphragm?
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T12 (with aorta and thoracic duct)
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What structure does the IVC pierce when it enters through the diaphragm? What vertebral level?
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Central Tendon of the diaphragm at T8
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Which muscles are responsible for expiration? For Inspiration?
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Expiration: Internal Intercostals
Inspiration: External Intercostals |
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What do the right crus and left crus of the diaphragm form?
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MediaN arcuate ligament
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What is the medial arcuate ligament derived from?
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Psoas major fasica
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What is the lateral arcuate ligament derived from?
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Quadratus Lumborum fascia
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What connects organs to the posterior abdominal wall?
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Mesentery
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What connect organs to one another?
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Ligaments
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What does the greater omentum connect?
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Greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
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What does the lesser omentum connect?
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Lesser curvature of the stomach to the Liver
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What is the opening to the Greater and Lesser peritoneal sacs?
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Epiploic Foramen (aka "Foramen of Winslow")
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When the duodenum is divided into 4 parts, which is/are are located in the peritoneal cavity?
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1st/Superior Part
(Parts 2-4 are in the retroperitoneal cavity) |
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Which portions of the colon retroperitoneal?
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Ascending & Descending
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What part of the pancreas is NOT retroperitoneal?
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Tail
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Where is the lingula located?
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Left Lung
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Which lung contains the horizontal fissure?
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Right Lung
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Which lung hilum has the pulmonary artery as the most superior structure?
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Left Lung
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At what vertebral level does the trachea end? At what structure?
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T4, Sternal Angle (aka "Angle of Louis")
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What is the Carinae?
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Bifurcation of the Trachea
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What type of cartilage is located from the trachea to secondary bronchus?
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Hyaline
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Which primary bronchus is more commonly obstructed & Why?
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Right - it's more horizontal
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How many Tertiary Bronchi are on the Right? And on the Left?
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Right: 10
Left: 8 |
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Where does fluid in the lungs usually accumulate?
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Costodiagphragmatic recess
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What is the cupola?
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Apex of cervical pleura - above the clavicle.
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Where is the heart located in the mediastinum?
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Middle Mediastinum
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What anatomical landmark divides the superior and Inferior mediastinum?
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Sternal angle
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What is the main vein of the heart?
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Coronary Sinus
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Which heart chamber does the Coronary Sinus drain into?
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Right Atrium
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Which three veins does the coronary sinus receive?
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1. Great Cardiac
2. Middle Cardiac 3. Small Cardiac |
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What artery travels with the small cardiac vein?
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Marginal Artery
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What 2 vessels travel in the posterior interventricular groove?
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1. Middle Cardiac Vein
2. Right Coronary Artery |
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Which 2 vessels travel in the anterior interventricular groove?
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1. Great Cardiac Vein
2. Anterior Interventricular Artery |
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Which vein ascends with the anterior interventricular artery?
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Great Cardiac Vein
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What groove do the anterior interventricular artery and great cardiac vein travel in?
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Anterior Interventricular Groove
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Which vessels run in the coronary groove?
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1. Marginal Artery
2. Small Cardiac Vein |