Chinese Vocab

Front 1

成立

vs。

建立

Back 1

• found; establish; set up
  
• both used for 国家公司
  
• e.g. XXX年X国家是成立的。
  
• 建立 is the same but can also be used in the abstract sense with words like 关系感情友谊
  

Front 2

各种各样

vs。

各式各样

Back 2

• all kinds
  
• 各式各样正式
  
• 各种各样口语
  

Front 3

亮起来

Back 3

• with traffic: to change lights; otherwise to shine
  
• 亮起来了红灯
  
• or: Place + 亮起来红灯
  

Front 4

休闲

vs。

悠闲

Back 4

• 悠闲: adj.; used with people --> more often used
  
• 休闲: w. 生活 or 衣服 (not really anything else)
  
• e.g. 休闲的鞋子 and 这些人看起来很悠闲。
  

Front 5

热闹

Back 5

• positive loud
  
• negative loud: 吵(闹)

Front 6

进去

Back 6

• either 进去+V
  
• or 进 + place + 去 (if you don't necessarily want to add anything)
  

Front 7

判

Back 7

• to judge
  
• 判+Person+离婚
  
• 判 ＋ Person + 死刑 (death sentence)
  
• also: 把孩子判给妈妈
  

Front 8

multiple 的 (possession)

e.g. my brother's books content

Back 8

• generally keep the first one, omit the rest
  
• --> 我弟弟的书内容。 (note that 我 and 弟弟 are a bit special because it's a family relationship)
  

Front 9

欲望

vs.

愿望

Back 9

• 欲望: yu4 wang4; desire
  
• negative connotation --> the desire to acquire and have stuff
  
• only used with big things
  
• --> 人应该限制自己的欲望
  
• 愿望: yuan4 wang4; wishes
  
• neutral to positive; can be wishes for oneself or the betterment of the world (e.g. wishlist for Christmas)
  

Front 10

限制

Back 10

• xian4 zhi4; N or Adj.; to restrict; limit; impose restrictions on
  
• 受到。。。的限制 or 受到了很多限制
  
• Adj: 有限制
  

Front 11

追求

Back 11

• zhui1 qiu2; to seek
  
• can seek things or people
  
• 追求理想 or 追求一个男朋友
  
• similar: 实现 - make come true
  

Front 12

闹的厉害

Back 12

• 闹的厉害 can be used with babies/kids that want something due to hunger/toys etc
  
• 闹 can also be used as 闹肚子 = 拉肚子

Front 13

。。。权

Back 13

• translated as "rights"
• can be 人权，女权 etc.

Front 14

理由

vs。

原因

Back 14

• 理由: sometime made-up reason; official grounds
• 原因: real reason

Front 15

领导人

vs。

领导

Back 15

• 领导人 = country leader
• 领导 = in 大陆 any leader (of a company etc.); not to be used in TW

Front 16

成功

Back 16

• V/Adj/N
• 我们的公司很成功
• 我的成功
• etc.

Front 17

管理

Back 17

• V;N
• 他管理这件事。
• BUT: management = 管理方式
• the noun is more like "manager"

Front 18

提升

Back 18

• recommended structure: 把。。。提升到职位
• the dots are for the person I think

Front 19

（私人）企业

vs。

行业

Back 19

• 企业 = private company
• 行业 = more like an industry or profession, e.g. 律师，医生 etc.

Front 20

稍微

Back 20

• a little bit; a bit
• 稍微 + V
• or 稍微 ＋ 有一点儿 + Adj (has to be negative)
• comparison: 稍微 + Adj + 一点

Front 21

显然

Back 21

• obviously, clearly; xian3 ran2

Front 22

争取

Back 22

• to strive for; zheng1 qu3
• for 权力 or equality topics
• or strive for result (e.g. being first)

Front 23

发扬

Back 23

• fa1 yang2; to develop; promote or in a sense protect
• can be used with 传统 or 美德

Front 24

专门

Back 24

• to specialize in; be specialized; specially
• can either be a specialized job or to specially come to see sb/do sth.
• opposite = 顺便
• 专门开车的司机 for ppl with private driver
• 专门来看你

Front 25

never again

Back 25

• NOT 从来不 BUT 再也不去

Front 26

Which verb to cook 米饭?

Back 26

• sometimes 煮 (if you literally cook it with lots of water)
• but in China 蒸 is often used as it's often more steamed

Front 27

吃不了

vs。

吃不下

Back 27

• 吃不了：1) too much; 2) can't eat (as in I'm veggie so 我吃不了肉
• 吃不下: can't fit in mouth anymore (often when you are sick

Front 28

基本

Back 28

• ji1 ben3; basic, fundamental
• with basic skills (手艺; 方法); basic reqs (要求); basic info about a situation （情况）
• 基本 + V = <100% of sth (e.g. 基本明白 means you only got a basic understanding of it or you basically understood it :P)

Front 29

避免

Back 29

• bi4 mian3; avoid; refrain from, avert
• has to be 避免 + V, not just name of sth
• e.g. 避免点菜 or 避免遇到老板

Front 30

忠于

Back 30

• to be loyal to; faithful to; devoted to
• 一个好的官员先要忠于人民。
• 他已是忠于自己的理想。