China 4/12, 4/17

Front 1

Burma Road

Back 1

-used by the allies in the early part of ww2 to send supplies to chiang's gov in chongqing
-closed in 1942 when britain lost burma to japan

Front 2

Jospeh Stilwell

Back 2

-chief of staff to Chiang Kai shek who served in China, knew language, and had appreciation for Chinese soldiers qualities
-To achieve goods troops he pressed constantly for significant changes in Chinese command structure
-Wanted to achieve these good troops by incorporating into the Chinese army all trained elements including communist
-Butted heads with chiang k.s. who would not help any american advisor

Front 3

Dixie Mission

Back 3

1944
-american group that was sent during World War II to Yan'an, China, to establish the first official relations between the Communist Party of China and the United States of America
-Most disastrous attempt of the US to familiarize themselves with the communist potential
-done with our profound ignorance of the communist goals and what they wanted to/ were capable of accomplishing

Front 4

George C. Marshall

Back 4

an american officer who mediated the peace conference in 1946 between the GMD and the communists (ended in civil war)

Front 5

People's Liberation Army

Back 5

communist army
- in 1947, they began to probe at nationalist positions
-began full scale attacks on nationalists the following spring and summer

Front 6

Battle of Huaihai

Back 6

1948
-battle for central china began
-this was the last great entrapment by the communists and caught the major concentration of nationalist troops

Front 7

Taiwan

Back 7

the nationalist government fled here in 1949 where it exists to this day

Front 8

The Liberation

Back 8

???

Front 9

First Five-Year Plan

Back 9

1953-57
-start of soviet style 5 yr plan method
-socialist construction
-achieved dramatic increase in industrial production
-for more info, see pgs 514-523 in Spence

Front 10

cadres

Back 10

-small factions of the communist party
-Set about creating an ideal socialist man to replace traditional models
-saw youth as the most promising in this effort and saw to it that they were educated in the new values

Front 11

Marriage Law

Back 11

1950
-eliminated traditional practices as arranged marriages and child betrothal
-Also provided Chinese women with the right of divorce.
-Communist regime wanted to recognize the equality of women

Front 12

Red vs. Expert

Back 12

-No one could become an expert on anything before he became a communist
-The school system objective were to create people who were politically red and professionally trained

Front 13

First Constitution

Back 13

1954
-espoused a principal of democracy
-Bound all members to any decision made by the majority
-Resulted in a pyramid like form of representation
-Led to the convening of first national people’s congressed which in 1954 officially elected Mao Zedong chairman of the People’s Republic and head of state.

Front 14

Tibet

Back 14

-1950: Chinese took over and named it an "autonomous region"
-1959: Tibetans protested violently against the Chinese

Front 15

Bandung Conference

Back 15

1955
-meeting of delegates of Asian and African countries
-Zhou Enlai called for Asian-African solidarity and won international recognition of China's new diplomatic role
-Sino- Indian trade agreement that recognized Tibet as the Tibetan region of China was confirmed here

Front 16

nonantagonistic contradictions

Back 16

1950s
-(Mao's idea) kinds of contradictions that could be resolved through dialogue without violence

Front 17

Hundred Flowers Campaign

Back 17

1956-7
-brief period of liberalization when mao called for the nations intellectuals to criticize the communist party
-an outpouring of expression resulted which ended the movement and an "antirightist campaign" was launched against those who had spoken out

Front 18

"rightists"

Back 18

reactionaries or conservatives that spoke out against communism in the hundred flowers campaign

Front 19

Democracy Wall Movement

Back 19

1978-81
-stretch of wall edging the forbidden city in Peking where posters that called for democratic freedom were displayed
-posters later forbidden

Front 20

Tiananmen Movement

Back 20

1989
-over 1 million chinese assembled in Tiananmen square calling for dialogue with the government leaders over democracy and an end to the corruption that seemed to taint all areas of life
-government responded by sending in the PLA, armed troops and tanks which resulted in a shocking masacre that revealed the governments growing power