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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was the leading thinker of childhood history theory? What was his book called? |
Philippe Ariès Centuries of Childhood (1962) |
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What was the result of Ariès' theories? |
Childhood has a history - Didn't exist until 17thc. 'discovered' 3 Stages in Life - Infancy, Adulthood, Old Age Infancy ends at 7, after that children participated fully as adults, including work |
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What sort of evidence did Aries have to back his theories? |
Visual evidence: Painting depicting children as 'little adults'; early 1630's.. 1690's onwards, kids playing The Material Evidence: Toys: Toy musket, Miniature jug Contractual Evidence: An apprenticeship contract, Paris 1610 - Kid 11 years old, apprenticeship for 3 yrs |
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What are two Specific Paintings that 'prove' Aries' theories? |
'Three unknown Elizabethan children' by Netherlandish artist, c. 1580 - Dressed and posed like adults 'The Painter's Daughters Chasing a Butterfly', by T. Gainsborough, c. 1756 |
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What are the three Criticism of Ariès? |
-Research methods; use of visual sources dodgy -Other historians disagree with his claims that adolescence didn't agree (Natalie Zemon Davis) - Implied that children were treated with emotional coldness; that parents didn't love their children |
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Ariès 'followers': Lloyd de Mause ed., History of Childhood (1975)
(3 Sources for that literature) |
-Didactic lit. about children and their upbringing produced by religious reformers
-Sermons -Coroners' reports |
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What were three characteristics of the Early Modern Period Childhood? |
-Unstable family and household - First 7 years w/ mothers & female relatives - 'Breeched' at 7; fathers became important |
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What were 3 Important traits in a Household? |
Order, Hierarchy, Piety |
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Education influenced by which 3 religious factors? Protestant Education: |
-Spiritualisation of the family -Children like plants; they need guiding, w/out care they may turn out badly -Proverbs 22:15 'Foolishness is tied in the heart of a child, but the rod of discipline shall drive it away' |
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Education influenced by religious divisions & Began earlyProtestant Education: Catholic Education: |
-Less fear of original sin (baptism) -Growth in idea of duties of parents towards children, not just the other way around -Set up schools to make up for deficiency of families |
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Childhood, Work and Fostering: What were 6 points of this |
-Household chores -Copied parents -Had to contribute to family economy -Service and apprenticeship common - Fostering common among both the rich and the poor -Fostering associated with hopes of future social advancement and acculturation |
