Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
infantile paralysis
|
polio
|
|
|
erythema infectiosum
academy rash |
fifth disease
|
|
|
causative agent of whooping cough
|
bordetella pertussis
|
|
|
infants at greatest risk
|
whooping cough/pertussis
[Childhood Inf 14] |
|
|
predominately associated with middle-age
|
herpes zoster
|
|
|
10% of fetal infections result in death in utero
|
Fifth disease
|
|
|
exotoxin inhibits protein synthesis and attaches to host cell membrane receptors
|
diphtheria
|
|
|
has an endotoxin and several exotoxins
|
whooping cough/pertussis
|
|
|
disease worsens for 3 days, plateaus for 7 and recovery may take 2 weeks
|
tetanus
|
|
|
AKA Rubeola, hard measles, red measles, morbilli
|
measles
|
|
|
most contagious of human diseases, spreads by respiratory droplets
|
measles
|
|
|
maculopapular skin rash, typically begins on face then spreads. fades in 3-5 days
|
measles
|
|
|
Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells
lymphoid hyperplasia |
measles
|
|
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)
half of cases occur in those who had this disease under 2 years old |
measles
|
|
|
fatal condition that develops years after apparent recovery, by a nonproductive infection of the CNS
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) -->measles
|
|
|
why are measles near eradication in the US?
|
1. humans are only resevoir
2. life-long immunity in most people after recovery 3. single antigenic type |
|
|
causes parotitis
|
mumps AKA infectious parotitis
|
|
|
can mumps involve the CNS?
|
yes- half of infections involve CNS
|
|
|
can involve the pancreas or gonads (orchitis) in post-pubescent children or adults
|
mumps
|
|
|
what kind of vaccine is used for mumps
|
live attenuated, incorporated into MMR shot, gives life-long immunity
|
|
|
is Congenital Rubella Syndrome contracted transplacentally or not (vertical or horizontal)?
|
transplacental - vertically contracted
|
|
|
does Congenital Rubella Syndrome involve the CNS? if acquired during a pregnancy, when is it more problematic?
|
yes- involves CNS
1st trimester more problematic b/c CNS is first developing then |
|
|
where in the spinal cord and brain does paralytic poliomyelitis affect?
|
anterior horn cells of spinal cord and motor cortex of the brain
resulting in flaccid paralysis |
|
|
can polio show up again years after an apparent recovery?
|
yes- 25-35 years later. Post-polio syndrome. Weakness, pain, atrophy. not from a dormant virus, it's due to worn out neurons b/c they've compensated for ones that were lost
|
|
|
which polio vaccine is live and given orally?
|
Salk's Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine (TOPV)
|
|
|
what vaccine is used for polio in the US until eradication is complete
|
Salk's Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)
|
|
|
how long is the incubation time of varicella-zoster virus (VZV)?
|
average 14 days (10-21 days)
|
|
|
how do people with chicken pox acquire secondary bacterial infections?
|
scratching lesions
|
|
|
how many people are hospitalized due to chicken pox? how many die and from what?
|
10,000 hospitalized
100 die usually from secondary infections |
|
|
reactivated virus causes shingles
|
herpes zoster [varicella zoster]
|
|
|
where is the most common appearence of shingles?
|
thoracic area- unilateral rash
|
|
|
AKA erythema infectiosum, academy rash
|
Fifth Disease
|
|
|
Human Parvovirus B19
|
Fifth Disease
|
|
|
mild slapped cheek rash, arthropathy in adults
|
Fifth Disease
|
|
|
most common joints involved in 10% of kids with Fifth Disease
|
knees and wrists (Boss was saying this could be mistaken as juvenile arthritis)
|
|
|
is there a vaccine available for Fifth Disease?
|
No
|
|
|
what disease manifests as bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 1 years old, a cold-like illness in children and adults, and severe flu-like illness and pnuemonia in the elderly
|
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
|
|
|
what virus kills respiratory epithelium, fuses infected cells and may result in multinucleated syncitial cells?
|
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
|
|
|
is mortality due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) high or low?
|
low
|
|
|
who does Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) most commonly infect?
|
children under school age
most severe in babies <6 months |
|
|
which disease exacerbates childhood asthma and adult chronic bronchitis?
|
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
[adult chronic bronchitis -->also parainfluenza] |
|
|
disease that causes laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) or pneumonia in kids <3 years old
|
parainfluenza
|
|
|
which type most commonly causes parainfluenza?
|
type 3
|
|
|
what should you be able to distinguish croup from?
|
acute bacterial epiglottitis which is more serious than croup
|
|
|
exacerbates chronic bronchitis or other pulmonary conditions such as emphysema, and adult onset asthma
|
parainfluenza [also Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)]
|
|
|
most common cause of infantile diarrhea
|
rotavirus
|
|
|
what disease is "considered universally inevitable"? and is an important nosocomial illness in newborns
|
rotavirus
|
|
|
what might you see in a person that has rotavirus?
|
vomiting, watery diarrhea for several days, low grade fever
|
|
|
viral infection limited to mature enterocytes
|
rotavirus
|
|
|
disease with a strain specific immunity of limited duration - IgA from mother's milk is most important
|
rotavirus
|
|
|
is diphtheria gram positive or negative
|
positive
|
|
|
phage-mediated exotoxin: inhibits protein synthesis and attaches to host cell membrane receptor
|
diphtheria
|
|
|
grayish pseudomembrane in throat (cast of respiratory tree)
|
diphtheria
|
|
|
recovery converts person to immune carrier status
|
diphtheria
|
|
|
what is the treatment for diphtheria
|
antibiotics and antitoxin
|
|
|
what disease is associated with risus sardonicus
|
tetanus
|
|
|
is tetanus neonatorum transplacental or horizontal direct transmission
|
horizontal, direct transmission
|
|
|
what does the cytotoxin of bordetella pertussis do?
|
kills epithelial cells
|
|
|
what does pertussis toxin do?
|
1. induces high lymphocytosis
2. inhibits adenyl cyclase which blocks phagocytosis |
|
|
name the three stages associated with whooping cough
|
1. catarrhal
2. paroxysmal 3. convalescent |
|
|
who's is most at risk for whooping cough and at what age is does immunization begin?
|
infants -beginning at 2 months
|
|
|
what is the vaccine for whooping cough?
|
killed agent containing toxiod - the most important immunogenic factor
|
|
|
is whooping cough highly contagious?
|
yes, 80% chance of getting it if you're exposed to someone with it
|
|
|
pneumonia, childhood meningitis, otitis media, acute epiglottis (which can kill in 24 hours) is associated with which disease?
|
hemophilus influenzae
|
|
|
most common cause of bacterial meningitis
|
hemophilus influenzae
|
|
|
Hib vaccine is given to prevent what
|
hemophilus influenzae
|
|
|
transient aplastic crisis
|
fifth disease
|
|
|
RBC interruption leading to megaloblastic anemia
|
fifth disease
|
|
|
those who lack P blood group antigen are apparently naturally resistant to what virus?
|
fifth disease
|
|
|
Koplik's spots are associated with what disease? name all of the AKAs
|
Measles (Rubeola, hard measles, red measles, morbilli)
|
|
|
what are some signs/symptoms associated with measles?
|
fever, coryza (runny nose), cough, conjunctivitis (w/ photophobia, burning, tearing), oral mucosal rash (Koplik's spots), generalized lymphadenopathy
|
|
|
secondary bacterial pneumonia is most common in which group of people with measles?
|
protein malnourished children
|
|
|
what evokes violent extensive gliosis and myelin degeneration
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) from measles before age 2
|
|
|
what type of vaccine is given for measles
|
live attenuated (MMR), required before entry to school
|
|
|
fatalities associated with respiratory paralysis
|
polio
|
|
|
initial multiplication in tonsils and Peyer's patches (pharynx and small intestine)
|
polio
|
|
|
most common side effect of vaccine in infants is uncontrollable crying for 24 hours
|
pertussis/whooping cough
|
|
|
Shick test
|
moniters herd immunity for diphtheria (give you a small amt of toxin to see if you react)
|
|
|
lympoid hyperplasia prominent in cervical lymph nodes
|
measles
|
|
|
risk in fetus decreases the further along in pregnancy
|
Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)
|
|
|
profound weakness, pain and muscle mass in previously affected limb
|
post-polio syndrome
|
|
|
virus spreads down nerves along dermatomes
|
herpes zoster
|
|
|
resemble Chinese characters when smeared and stained
|
diphtheria
|
|
|
spores usually introduced in a puncture type wound
|
tetanus
|
|
|
3 day measles
|
rubella
|
|
|
hard to diagnose
|
rubella
|
|
|
where does rash from chicken pox first appear and how does it spread
|
initially on trunk then spreads to extremities and face
|
|
|
crops are associated with what disease? are they painful?
|
chicken pox, not painful but they are itchy
|
|
|
what is the grayish pseudomembrane of diphtheria made of?
|
dead epithelial cells, bacteria, fibrin, pus
|
|
|
name the 4 childhood diseases that are paramyxoviruses. are they DNA or RNA?
|
measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza
RNA |
|
|
what childhood disease is a togavirus? is it DNA or RNA?
|
Rubella
ssRNA |
|
|
most contagious during the first week of infection when pharyngeal excretion occurs
|
polio
|
|
|
Picornavirus --what disease?
RNA or DNA |
Polio
RNA |
|
|
Human Parvovirus B19
DNA or RNA |
Fifth disease
ssDNA |
|
|
Reovirus
DNA or RNA |
Rotavirus
dsRNA double shelled capsid |
|
|
name of tetanus's monotypic neurotoxin
|
tetanospasmin
|
|
|
how many encapsulated type of H. influenzae are there? which one is the "bad" one?
|
6 types (a-f)
"b" is the bad one |
|
|
is Fifth Disease enveloped or not?
|
non-enveloped
|
|
|
who's at risk for transient aplastic crisis
|
those with chronic hemolytic anemias (sickle cell or Beta thalassemia) and get Fifth Disease
|
|
|
how is Fifth Disease spread
|
droplets
|
|
|
is Fifth Disease a zoonoses? are humans susceptible to animal parvoviruses
|
No, not zoonoses
|
|
|
Reye's Syndrome may be associated with what common childhood disease
|
chicken pox
[Childhood Inf 8] |
|
|
during viremic phase this virus ascends peripheral sensory nerves to Dorsal Nerve Root Ganglion
|
varicella-zoster virus (chicken pox)
|
|
|
is chicken pox considered a disseminated disease?
|
yes, especially in children with CMI deficiency or neonates born to nonimmune mothers
|
|
|
what's the efficacy of chicken pox virus for healthy kids and those with leukemia?
|
95% effective in healthy kids
50% effective in kids with leukemia |
|
|
chicken pox vaccine can reduce burden of illness and what else?
|
reduced post-herpetic neuralgia and reduced incidence of shingles
|
|
|
where does fifth disease spread to after its preliminary growth
|
to erythroid precursers. when they replicate it produces cytopathic effects
|
|
|
what does fifth disease do to erythroid precursors and what is the effect
|
precursors don't develop, so RBC production is interrupted. with less RBCs, the patient develops megaloblastic anemia
|
|
|
what might fifth disease only cause to happen in an adult
|
arthropathy
|
|
|
T/F: antibodies may be found in some adults
|
true, in 50-80% of them
|
|
|
what are signs/symptoms of Respiratory Syncytial Virus?
|
wheezing, cough, repiratory distress and fever
|
|
|
what's the vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus?
|
There isn't one, it's hard to prevent.
|
|
|
why is RSV hard to prevent?
|
1. mother's don't have antibodys to pass on to their newborns (the highest at risk for the disease)
2. infections can reoccur 3. vaccine they made didn't work (vaccine potentiates disease upon natural re-exposure) |
|
|
how many types of polio are there? which is most virulent?
how many types of parainfluenza are there and which is most common? |
Polio: 3 types, type I most virulent
parainfluenza: 4 types, type 3 most pathogenic |
|
|
what does the parainfluenza virus do, pathologically?
|
infects and kills respiratory epithelium.
the swelling from the infection compresses airway obstructing breathing |
|
|
what are signs/symptoms of parainfluenza?
|
fever, hoarseness, cough (Croup-barking cough and inspiratory stridor)
|
|
|
most common age group with rotavirus
|
1-24 months
|
|
|
do you need a lot or a little to contract rotavirus
|
very little: 10 viral particles (there are 100 billion viral particles in 1 mL of stool)
|
|
|
what has a danger of happening in kids with rotavirus
|
becoming severly dehydrated or an electrolyte imbalance
|
|
|
where is the rotavirus infection limited to?
|
mature enterocytes in upper small intestine
|
|
|
what tests do you do to diagnose rotavirus
|
EM (electron microscope), ELISA or LA (latex aglutination)
|
|
|
rotavirus antibodies: limited duration or long term
what percentage of the population has rotavirus antibodies at age 4? |
the antibodies are of limited duration and strain specific (42 strains but 5 account for most infections).
90% of pop. has them at 4 y/o |
|
|
intusseception is associated with what childhood infection
|
rotavirus
|
|
|
describe vaccine for rotavirus
|
live attenuated monovalent and pentavalent. taken orally. may defeat rotavirus
|
|
|
giant cell pneumonia is sometimes produced
|
measles
|
|
|
recovery confers life long immunity ( 6 dxs)
|
measles, mumps, rubella, varicella-zoster, polio, diphthreia
|
|
|
found in raw milk:
found in unpasteurized milk: |
diphtheria - raw milk
polio - unpasteurized |
|
|
in post-pubescents, may involve pancreas
|
mumps
|
|
|
less common and less seasonal than other childhood diseases
|
mumps
|
|
|
name 8 diseases that involve CNS
|
measles, mumps, rubella, polio, varicella-zoster, diphtheria, tetanus, H. influenzae
|
|
|
multinucleated giant cells (2 diseases)
|
measles, RSV
|
|
|
6 viruses that are RNA
|
measles, rubella, polio, RSV, parainfluenza, rotavirus (maybe mumps)
|
|
|
DNA virus
|
Fifth Disease- single stranded
|
|
|
4 bacterial childhood diseases
|
diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, H. influenzae
|
|
|
Name 8 diseases that can cause pneumonia (primary or secondary)
|
measles, RSV, parainfluenza, H. influenzae, polio, varicella-zoster, tetanus, whooping cough
|
|
|
cause of mortality with measles
|
secondary bacterial pneumonia or encephalitis
|
|
|
what percent of mumps are subclinical (asymptomatic)
|
1/3
|
|
|
fatalities with polio are due to...
|
respiratory paralysis and pneumonia
|
|
|
disadvantage of TOPVaccine over IPV:
|
attenuated vaccine strain may revert to virulent
|
|
|
systemic effects of Diphtheria owing to absorbtion of exotoxin
|
fatty degeneration of myocardium, liver, adrenals, kidneys, peripheral nerve demyelination
can be reversible except for cardiac and nervous system damage |
|
|
what stage is whooping cough deadly and what is it due to?
|
paroxysmal stage (2nd) due to pneumonia
|
|
|
what happens in the convalescent stage of whooping cough?
|
recovery. long lasting but not always permanent or absolute immunity
|
|
|
do you have life long immunity to whooping cough after recovery or vaccination
|
no
|
