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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Psychopathology?
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Difficulties, distress, functional impairment Behavior outside of norm Clinical significant symptoms/signs
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2 Key Features of Psychopathology
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1. Dysfunction - Impairment of one's adaptive capabilities
2. Suffering in climate or family |
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Nomenclature
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System of names/terms used in subject
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Epidemiology
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Study of spread and control of diseases
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Incidence
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Number of new cases in population over a defined time
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Prevalence
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Number of people with disease (both new and already diagnosed)
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Pathognomic
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Signs/symptoms characteristic of particular disease
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Diagnosis
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Labeling a problem in functioning based on symptoms and signs
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Prognosis
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Forcast of progression
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Signs
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Observable problem or indicator of disease
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Symptom
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Problem reported by client to professional
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Assessment
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Using limited but strategically gathered information of a person to arrive at a professional judgment of a person's functioning
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ICD
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Mental and behavioral problems and establishes a universal nomenclature for diagnosis
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DSM
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Nomenclature of diagnosis coded for professionals
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Why is diagnosis important?
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Privileges - social political power and influcences how others relate to individual
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Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theory
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Unconscious
Structure within psyche or process interfering with needs that need to be met, causes mental illness
Use therapist to help uncover the unconscious |
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Object-Relations Theory
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See relationships becoming real things, not just about the individual like Freud
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Behavioral Theory
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Skinner
Only learning history (No "you")
Contingent relationships between environment, behavior, consequences
Teach new behaviors and reinforcement |
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Cognitive Theory
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Thinking approaches have influences
Look at patterns of thinking and try to identify errors and test thinking
Trying to persuade people to think like us
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Humanistic/Existential
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Murray and Allport
Helping one understand their own responsibilities and how they are in charge and can make choices for themselves |
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Social Constructionist
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Feminist
Culture and society create constructs to define how we think |
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Resilience
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Manage to avoid negative outcomes or achieve positive outcomes despite being at risk
Display competence under stress
Recovery from trauma |
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Risk
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Characteristics associated with negative outcomes
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Epistemology
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Theory of nature and knowledge
Knowledge exists independently outside ours |
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Rationalism
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Knower constructs what is known
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Attachment Theories
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Bowlby
Attachment in childhood affects adulthood
Parent child relationships, security, independence, biological/evolutional context |
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Cognitive Theories
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Information processing - Basic processing and attention and memory, social information processing, maladaptive cognition
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Cognitive Behavioral Theories
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Conserve positive behavior while working to incorporate cognitive activity
Beck - maladaptive schemas develop early and remain dominant until trigger |
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Emotion Theories
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Activating for many stimuli, neural processes, changes in physiological responses, changes in behavior, difficulty in regulating and coordinating
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Reactivity
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Individual differences in the threshold and intensity of emotional experience
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Regulation
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Processes that operate to control reactivity
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Dysregulation
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Wide range of emotions
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Constitutional/Neurobiological Theories
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Physical
Genetic mutations
Familial aggregation |