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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is Psychopathology?

Difficulties, distress, functional impairment


Behavior outside of norm


Clinical significant symptoms/signs


2 Key Features of Psychopathology

1. Dysfunction - Impairment of one's adaptive capabilities



2. Suffering in climate or family

Nomenclature

System of names/terms used in subject


Epidemiology

Study of spread and control of diseases


Incidence
Number of new cases in population over a defined time
Prevalence
Number of people with disease (both new and already diagnosed)
Pathognomic
Signs/symptoms characteristic of particular disease
Diagnosis
Labeling a problem in functioning based on symptoms and signs
Prognosis
Forcast of progression
Signs
Observable problem or indicator of disease
Symptom

Problem reported by client to professional


Assessment
Using limited but strategically gathered information of a person to arrive at a professional judgment of a person's functioning
ICD
Mental and behavioral problems and establishes a universal nomenclature for diagnosis
DSM
Nomenclature of diagnosis coded for professionals
Why is diagnosis important?

Privileges - social political power and influcences how others relate to individual



Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theory

Unconscious



Structure within psyche or process interfering with needs that need to be met, causes mental illness



Use therapist to help uncover the unconscious

Object-Relations Theory

See relationships becoming real things, not just about the individual like Freud


Behavioral Theory

Skinner



Only learning history (No "you")



Contingent relationships between environment, behavior, consequences



Teach new behaviors and reinforcement

Cognitive Theory

Thinking approaches have influences



Look at patterns of thinking and try to identify errors and test thinking



Trying to persuade people to think like us


Humanistic/Existential

Murray and Allport



Helping one understand their own responsibilities and how they are in charge and can make choices for themselves

Social Constructionist

Feminist



Culture and society create constructs to define how we think

Resilience

Manage to avoid negative outcomes or achieve positive outcomes despite being at risk



Display competence under stress



Recovery from trauma

Risk
Characteristics associated with negative outcomes
Epistemology

Theory of nature and knowledge



Knowledge exists independently outside ours

Rationalism
Knower constructs what is known
Attachment Theories

Bowlby



Attachment in childhood affects adulthood



Parent child relationships, security, independence, biological/evolutional context

Cognitive Theories
Information processing - Basic processing and attention and memory, social information processing, maladaptive cognition
Cognitive Behavioral Theories

Conserve positive behavior while working to incorporate cognitive activity



Beck - maladaptive schemas develop early and remain dominant until trigger

Emotion Theories
Activating for many stimuli, neural processes, changes in physiological responses, changes in behavior, difficulty in regulating and coordinating
Reactivity
Individual differences in the threshold and intensity of emotional experience
Regulation
Processes that operate to control reactivity
Dysregulation
Wide range of emotions
Constitutional/Neurobiological Theories

Physical



Genetic mutations



Familial aggregation