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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Developmental psychology
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concerned with the changes in behavior and abilities that occur as development proceeds
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tabula rasa: definition
who used this term to describe children? |
"blank slate"
John Locke, his theory was that all children were born equal, and the mind of a new born is like a white piece of paper-a "tabula rasa" |
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nativism
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the theory that human development results principally from inborn processes that guide the emergence of behaviors in a predictibale manner. page 5
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Cultural Relativism
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The belief that each culture should be examined and evaluated on its own terms. page 5
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Natural Selection
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An evolutionary process proposed by Charles Darwin in which charateristics of an individual that increase its chances of survival are more likely to be passed along to future generations. page 6
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Recapitulation
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An early biological notion, later adopted by psychologist G. Stanley Hall, that the development of the individual repeats the development of the species. page 6
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Baby Biography
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Method of study in which a parents studies the development of his or her own child page 6
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Zeitgeist
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the spirit of teh times, or the ideas shared by most scientists during a given period. page 7
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Behaviorism
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A theory of psychology, first advanced by John B. Watson, that human development results primarily from conditioning and learning processes. page 7
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Maturation
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The biological processes assumed by some theorists to be primarily responsible for human development. page 8
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Norms
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A timetable of age ranges indicating when normal frowth and developmental milestones are typically reached. Page 9
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Repression
-Definition -What stage does this occur? -who created this term? |
Freuds term for the press through which desires or motivations are driven into unconcious, as typically occurs during the PHALLIC STAGE. page 11
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Identification
-definition -what stage does this occur? -who created this term? |
The Freudian process through which the child adopts the characteristics of the same-sex parent during the PHALLIC stage. page 11
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Interactionist perspective
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The theory that human development results from the combination of inborn processes and enviromental factors. page 12
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Identity
(in erickson's theory) |
In Erikson's theory, the component of personality that develops across the eight stages of life and that motivates progress through the stages. page 12
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Nature vs. Nurture debate
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The scientific controversy regarding wheater the primary source of developemtntal change results in biological (nature) factors or in enviromental (nurture) factors. page 13
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Continuity vs. Discontinuity debate
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whether developmental is constant and connected (continuous) or uneven and disconnected (discontinuous). page 14
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Normative vs.Idiographic development
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The question of whether research should focus on identifying commonalities in human development (normative development) or on the causes of individual differences (idiographic development). page 14
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Universals of development
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Aspects of development or behavior taht are common to children everywhere. page 15
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Genetic Epistemology
(piaget's theory) |
Piaget's term for the study of childrens knowledge and how it changes with development. page 16
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Clinical Method
-definition -who's principal research method? |
Piaget's prinicipal research method, which involved a semistructured interview with questions designed to probe children's understanding of various concepts. page 16.
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Schemes
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Piaget's term for the cognitive structures of infancy. A scheme consists of a set of skilled, flexible acrion patterns through which the child understands the world.
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