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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Belsky & Rovine FINDINGS |
Early onset and intensive hours more than 20 hours per week before age 2 led to negative impact of attachments 47% found to be insecurely attached |
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Belsky & Divine (1988) evaluation |
-procedure highly controlled/ standardised.. Reliability ^- Dilalla (1998) found children not in daycare more prosocial -SSP may not be appropriate in measuring daycare children who are use to separation -children may no be avoidant, but may be use to stranger care -Daycare also has positive affects on social & intellectual development as found by Anderson 1996 -other factors such as resilience of child may be accountable -EPPE project (2004) found children who attended daycare to have positive benefits...against Belsky findings -EPPE project (2004) found children who attended daycare to have positive benefits...against Belsky findings |
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Key issue description: The extent to which day care is harmful for children's cognitive & social development. 5 points |
Description: -The use of day nurseries & crèches has been condemned as leading to long term emotional damage -most industrialised societies have an increasing number of women in the workforce... Increasing in single parent rates in recent decades means children have to spend parts of there week in day care. -1997 women 49.5% of workforce . 2000 they outnumbered men... Tho high percentage in part time work. -Just over 52% of women in the UK with children under the age 5 worked in 2003 (Hinsliff 2004) - many still believe that women are meant to be mothers |
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Key issue explanation. Using theories, concepts & studies |
-Bowlby is a high profile critic of day care... Claiming effects of maternal deprivation can have long term consequences.
-bond disruption affects the continuity of the relationship between child and caregiver leading to unstable relationships with others in futures.
-research has shown day care has negative impact on a child... Supporting Bowlbys claims. Longitudinal study by NICHD OF 1200 children. Indicated intensive hours in daycare display more behavioural problems... Cognitive ability improved
-evidence suggests daycare improves cognitive &social development Anderson (1996) found improved social skills..lead to more popular and confident at start of school Longitudinal study sylva et all (2004) the EPPE project found social and intellectual benefits. High scores in maths @ks1 -Bowlby ignores multiple attachments Lack reliability -most research longitudinal... Lack reliability -too many factors effecting outcomes of daycare. TIQA-therefore findings concerning effects are controversial TIQA TIQA -too many factors effecting outcomes of daycare. TIQA-therefore findings concerning effects are controversial TIQA-therefore findings concerning effects are controversial -therefore findings concerning effects are controversial |
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Bowlbys theory of attachment evolutionary (description) |
Attachments have survival value they serve a biological purpose to protect infants from danger
Argued that due to evolution, humans developed attachment system that activates caregiver response yo keep them within close proximity. We are born with automatic behaviours trigger by events. Eg left alone ----> crying!! Adults genetically predisposed to respond to social releasers. This mother-infant interactions leads to attachment. Critical period: 2.5 year Adult consequences meaning |
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Evolutionary theory suport |
Harlow and Harlow- monkeys Deprived monkeys experienced social abnormalities after not experiencing motherly love. --> long term value& continuity Lorenz- imprinting Geese showed imprinting behaviour, following Lorenz when born to remain safe from predators --> evolutionary advantage & survival value Srouffe (1999)- social competence Children rated securely attached as infants had higher levels of social competence during adolescence --> correlation between early attachment and later adult relationships |
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Evolutionary theory limitations |
Animal studies CANNOT be generalised to humans--> humans more complex Theory is difficult to test --> difficult to obtain scientific evidence = ideas lack credibility
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Evolutionary theory value |
Real life examples... May explain behaviours such as why people turn to crime |
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Evolutionary theory alternatives |
Temperament hypothesis suggest some children are born more trusting and loving --> attachments are not an evolutionary process and may not provide survival value
Behaviourists argue attachments are learnt through operant conditioning --> mother = reinforcer |
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Cross-cultural difference in child rearing |
Different cultures socialise a child to become the type of child/adult valued by that culture.
Van ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg Found consistency of attachment types in certain cultures. Type B was most common. However type A was high in Israel & Germany. --> SSP may not be valid for all cultures |