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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Body Growth
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most rapid growth occurs during the first 2 years than any other time
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Weight
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Doubles by 5 months.
Triples by 1 year. Quadruples by 2 years. |
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Height
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1st year:32 inches
2nd year:36 inches |
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Growth Trends
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-rise in body fat peaks at 9 months.
-muscle tissue develops slowly. |
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Cephalocaudal trend
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-"head to tail"
-growth of head and chest before growth of trunk and legs. -top heavy |
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Proximodistal Trend
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-from center outward.
-ex-arms and legs before hands and feet |
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Microscopic level of brain development
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-nuerons, synapses, neurotransmitters, synaptic pruning.
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cerebral cortex
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-l85% of brains weight
-greatest number of neurons and synapses. -4 lobes |
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Lateralization
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right-spatial abilities, negative emotions.
left-verbal abiliites, positive emotions. |
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brain plasticity
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we never stop learning
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experience-expectant growth
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ordinary experiences
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experience-dependent growth
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lifelong process, specific learning experiences.
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influences on physical growth
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heredity, nutrition, malnutrition
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heredity
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-determines growth when diet and health are adequate.
-"catch up growth" |
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nutrition
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breastfeeding vs bottlefeeding
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malnutrition
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marasmus, kwashlorkor, pica, food insecurity
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marasmus
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low in all essential nutrients
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kwashiorkor
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eating non food materials
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Habituation
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gradual reduction in strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation
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recovery
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increase in responsiveness after a new stimulus appears
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imitation
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copying behavior
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motor development
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-variation of timing is normal.
-norms vary from nation to nation -multiple delays are indicative of brain damage |
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gross motor development
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helps movement around an environment
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fine motor development
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smaller movements
reaching and grasing -prereaching -ulnar grasp -princer grasp -transferring |
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bladder and bowel control
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best delayed until age 2
-effective training regular routine gentle encouragement praise |
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hearing
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6-7 months can distinguish musical tunes
6-8 months can screen out non-native sounds 7-9 months can divide speach into word-like units 12 months begin to talk |
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vision
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by 2 months can focus on objects as well as adults.
-2-4 months focus on color and vision -6 months acuity, scanning, tracking 6-7 months depth perception |
