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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Myelin:
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Protective insulation that surrounds parts of neurons
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Lateralization:
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The process whereby certain functions are located more in one hemisphere of the brain than in the other
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Sensory Development
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Increasing brain development permits improvements in the senses
Gradual shift in the way preschoolers view objects made up of multiple parts |
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Vision
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Judgments of objects may reflect the way in which eyes move when perceiving figures
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Hearing
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Auditory acuity deficits in isolating specific sounds when many sounds are heard simultaneously
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Nightmare:
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A vivid bad dream, usually occurring toward morning
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Night terror:
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An intense physiological arousal that causes a child to awaken in a state of panic
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Major Illnesses
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Socioeconomic factors prevent some children from getting good health care
Members of minority groups, which tend to have less disposable income, suffer from inferior care |
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Child abuse:
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The physical or psychological maltreatment or neglect of children
Abuse takes several forms, ranging from actual physical abuse to psychological mistreatment |
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Cycle-of-violence Hypothesis:
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The theory that abuse and neglect that children suffer predispose them as adults to abuse and neglect their own children
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Psychological maltreatment:
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Harm to children’s behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical functioning that is caused by parents or other caregivers who use verbal or psychological abuse, hurtful actions, exploitation, or neglect
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Child neglect:
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Ignoring one’s children or being emotionally unresponsive to them
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Resilience:
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The ability to overcome circumstances that place a child at high risk for psychological or physical damage
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Gross Motor Skills
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By 3 years old, children have mastered a variety of skills: jumping, hopping on one foot, skipping, and running.
By 4 and 5, their skills have become honed as they have gained greater control over their muscles. |
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Advances in Gross Motor Skills
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related to brain development and myelination of neurons in areas of the brain related to balance and coordination
Significant variations among children Differences and inherited temperament |
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Fine Motor Skills
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At the same time that gross motor skills are developing, children are progressing in their ability to use fine motor skills, which involve smaller, more delicate body movements.
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Handedness:
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A clear preference for the use of one hand over the other
By the age of 5, most children display a clear tendency to use one hand over the other 90 percent of children are right-handed and 10 percent are left-handed Some evidence exists that left-handedness may be associated with certain advantages |
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Role of Art
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Honing fine motor skills and several other aspects of development
Learning importance of planning, restraint, and self-correction |
