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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stedman's Theory
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Evolution...
-genetic mutation -smaller jaw muscle -less pressure on skull platelets -our brains had more room to grow |
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Psychometric Theories of intelligence
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Spearman
-1904 g=general |
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Thurstone & Thurstone
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7 distinct abilities
1941 |
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Carroll
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1993
Hierachial theory -smart in one usually good in others |
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Information processing Approach
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Gardners multiple intelligence
-child development -brain damage patients -savants |
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Gifted children
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IQ of 130+
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Mental Retardation
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IQ of 70-
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Lange: Triple response model
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Anxiety into 3 parts
-cognitive: Fear related thoughts -Motor: Fight or flight response -Physiological: Things your body does you can't control |
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Cognitive model: Two factor
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Mowers theory:
fears are developed trough classical conditioning --Operant conditioning: maintained fears |
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Stanley Rachman
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Fears can be gained by social learning
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Information transmitting
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People telling you what to be afraid of
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Post Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD)
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War victims, child abuse
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SUDS
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Subjective units of distress
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Sound Production
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Cooing: 2 months
Babbling: 5-6 months intonation: 8-11 months |
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Age 1
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First word
gestures begin |
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Age 2
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few hundred words
9 new words a day |
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Grammar Development
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one word phrases (1-2 years)
Two word phrases (2 years) three words (2-3 years) -order: sub, verb, object |
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Behavioral Theory
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Children sound like parents
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Opperant conditioning
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saying "eat" is reinforced
incorrect grammar is puished |
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Social Interaction Theory
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-Infant directed speech
-Turn-taking -Reading (start @ 6 months) |
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Linguistic Theory
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Language = function of brain development
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Current PDD's
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-Autism
-Aspergers Disorder -Rett's Disorder -Childhood dis integrative disorder -PDD- not specified |
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Autism
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-Impaired social interaction
-Repetitive behaviors -impaired communication |
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Asperger's
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-Impaired social interaction
-Repetitive behavior |
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Applied Behavior Analysis
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1 on 1 training
Repeat skills Prompt & Fade Reinforce often Promoting generalization up to 40 hours a week involve family |
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Basic emotions in newborns
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Distress
Pleasure |
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Joy
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Emerges at 2-3 months old
-social smile laugh to simulation(4 months) laugh at event(1 year) make you laugh(2-3) |
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Sadness
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Emerges at 2-3 months old
loss of reinforcement Imitation (sad parent) |
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Clinical Depression
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Major depression disorder
-intense depression or irritability - at least 2 weeks |
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Dysthymic Disorder
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Depressed or irritable
most of the time at least one year |
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Depression etiology
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Genetics=hormones
Behavioral theory-lack of social skills -learned helplessness (giving up) -Parent modeling Cognitive theory -cognitive distortions -cognitive modeling |
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Anger
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Emerges 4-6 months
something taken away block from getting something |
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Fear
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4-6 months
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Complex emotions
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18-24 months
embarrassment, pride, guilt |
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Understanding others emotions
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6 mo- match emotions of parents
12 mo- social referencing (immediate) 14 mo- social referencing 5 years- understand why people feel the way they do 8 years- understand mixed emotions |
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Temperament
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Biologically based behavior styles
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Psychrometricians
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Psychologists who study intelligence and personality
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Savants
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People with mental retardation, that have telents
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Emotional intelligence
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Ability to use yours and others emotions to solve problems
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Intelligence quotient (IQ)
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Mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100
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Dynamic testing
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How well a child learns something while being observed
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Culture fair intelligence test
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Test items based on experiences common to many cultures
ex: Different cultures don't all understand the same |
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Gifted
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130 or better on intelligence test
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Convergent thinking
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Using information that is provided to get an answer
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Divergent thinking
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not one specific answer
ex:name uses of a coat hanger |
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Mental retardation
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below 18
70-0 |
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Phonology
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refers to sound of language
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Semantics
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the study of words and their meaning
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grammar
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rules used to describe the structure of language
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Syntax
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How words are grouped to form sentences
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Pragmatics
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how people use language to communicate effectively
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Phonemes
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unique sounds that can be joined to create words
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infant-directed speech
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adults speak slowly and change there tones
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Intonation
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Pattern of rising or falling pitch
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Naming explosion
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18 months, learn a lot of new words, mostly objects
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Fast mapping
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Ability to connect new words to meanings
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Underextention
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Defining a word to narrowly
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over extension
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defining a word to broadly
ex: all four legged animals=doggie |
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Phonological memory
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the ability to remember speech sounds breifly
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Referential style
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Vocab consists of objects, persons, or actions
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Expressive style
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some names, single word phrases
ex- go away |
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Telegraphic speech
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Words directly relevant to meaning
ex-mommy go, gimme cookie |
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Grammatical morphemes
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Word endings that make a sentence grammatical.
ex: kick ball I am going to kick the ball |
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Over regulation
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applying rules to the exceptions of the rule
ex-adding an s to man "mans" |
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Semantic bootstrapping theory
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children know nouns refer to people or places and verbs are actions
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Basic emotions
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subjective feeling, physical feeling and overt behavior
ex-wake up found your roommate left with your umbrella. subjectively you feel like you're going to blow up with anger, your heart rate would go faster and you would act crabby |
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Social smile
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2-3 months infants smile when they see someone else do so
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stranger wariness
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6 month old looks away and fuses
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Self-conscious emotions
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feelings of success when one's standards or expectations are met and feelings of failure are not
complex emotions |
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social referring
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looking to the parents to figure out how to act
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Display rules
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settings
ex: children know it's okay to cry around close family but not strangers |
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Secure attachment
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When mom comes back, baby wants her first
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Avoidance attachment
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Not upset when mother leaves, and not excited to see her
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Resistant attachment
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Baby upset when mother leaves and still when she returns.
Hard to control. |
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Disorganized attachment
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Confused when the mother leaves and returns.
Doesn't really understand |
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Internal working model
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Babies learn to trust parent to maintain their needs.
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Secure adults
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valued childhood
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Dismissive adults
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didn't like their childhood but look up to their parents
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Preoccupied
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Bad childhood and didn't get along with parents
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self concept
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The attitudes, behaviors, and values that make a person unique
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Adolescent ego centrism
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self-absorption that makes the teenage search for identity
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Imaginary audience
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Teens believe everyone is always watching them
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Personal fable
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Teens believe there experiences and events are unique and haven't happened to anyone else
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Illusion of invulnerability
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Believe Misfortune only happens to others
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Diffusion
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Overwhelmed by achieving an identity and are doing little to achieve one
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Foreclosure
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Adults choose your identity instead of you
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Moratorium
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Still trying different options, yet to find one that fits themselves
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Achievement
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Have chosen a specific identity
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Crystallization
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Use identities as a source of ideas for careers
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Specification
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Picking a career path and working towards it
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Implementation
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Enter the work force and learn first hand about their jobs
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Attributions
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personal explanations of success and failure
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Recursive thinking
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"He thinks, that she thinks"
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Prejudice
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A negative view of others based on their membership in a specific group
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