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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central vowel
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A vowel pronounced roughly in the 'middle' of the mouth cavity.
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Consonant
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A speech sound that is produced when the vocal tract is either blocked or so restricted that there is audible friction.
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Discourse
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A stretch of communication.
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Diphthong
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A vowel in which there is a perceptible change in quality during a syllable.
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Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
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The human brain's inbuilt capacity to acquire language.
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Lexis
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The vocabulary of a language.
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Morphology
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The area of a language study that deals with the formation of words from smaller units called morphemes.
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Phoneme
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The smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language.
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Phonemic Contraction
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The variety of sounds is reduced to the sounds of the main language used.
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Phonemic Expansion
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The variety of sounds produced increases.
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Phonetics
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The study of the sounds used in speech, including how they are produced.
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Phonology
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The study of the sound systems of language and how they communicate meaning.
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Pragmatics
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The factors that influence the choices that speakers make in their use of language - why we choose to say one thing rather than another.
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Universal grammar
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The explanation that all world languages share the principles of grammar despite surface differences in lexis and phonology. Sometimes called linguistic universals.
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Vocative
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A form (especially a noun) used to address a person.
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Vowel
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A sound made without closure or audible friction.
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Content word
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A type of word that has an independent 'dictionary' meaning also called a lexical word.
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Function word
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A word whose role is largely or wholly to express a grammatical relationship.
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Hypernym
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A superordinate i.e. A word that is more generic or general and can have more specific words under it.
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Object permanence
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The awareness that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible.
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Piaget/Piagetian
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20th century Swiss psychologist whose views on children's cognitative development have been very influential. He emphasised that children are active learners who use their environment and social interactions to shape their language. His four developmental stages are: sensorimotor (age 2), pre-operational (age 2-7), concrete operational (age 7-11) and formal operational (11+)
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Positive reinforcement
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When a behaviour is rewarded, including verbal praise to encourage this behaviour to be repeated.
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Social interactionists
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Those who believe that child language develops through interaction with carers.
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Hyponym
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A more specific word within a category or under a hypernym.
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Hyponymy
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The hierarchical structure that exists between lexical items.
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Overextension
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A feature of a child's language where the word used to label something is 'stretched' to include things that aren't normally part of that word's meaning.
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Proto-word
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An invented word that has a consistent meaning.
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Underextension
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A feature of a child's language where the word used to label is 'reduced' to include only part of its normal meaning.
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Behaviourists
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Those who believe that language is acquired through imitation and reinforcement.
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Cognitive theorists
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Those who believe that language acquisition is part of a wider development of understanding.
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Nativists
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Those who believe that humans have an inbuilt capacity to acquire language.
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Negative reinforcement
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When an undesirable behaviour is unrewarded with the intention that it will not be repeated.
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