Child Dvp Chap 12

Front 1

why is social DVP distinctive in the first 2 yr of life?

Back 1

1) infants social world is very small
2) initial relationships are very influential and have a long term effect
3) infant forms strong emotional relationships with social world

Front 2

how does the baby promote care giving?

Back 2

1) makes interactions very pleasant for the caregiver (smiling)
2) physical appearance serves to maintain the mother's interaction because she innately finds it cute

Front 3

caregivers built in mechanism to nurture the baby?

Back 3

1) can read the infants signals and decide what is wrong
2) innate responses are also acquired through social interaction with other mothers

Front 4

attachment process?

Back 4

creating an emotional bond between the mother and the child (begins with the baby emitting care-seeking behaviors then the mom responds with consistent sensitive responses (BOWLBY)

Front 5

abnormal/maladaptive attachment?

Back 5

baby not seeking care and less responsive mothers

Front 6

infant socialization? (environmental/learning approach)

Back 6

process by which a child's behavior is moulded to fit the society's roles/beliefs/expectations

Front 7

interaction explained by what?

Back 7

explained by social learning processes such as reinforcement, punishment, observational learning

Front 8

social learning theories?

Back 8

infant social behaviors can be influenced by reinforcement processes (infant smiling will increase if reinforced)

Front 9

social cognition? (cognitive developmental approach)

Back 9

refers to the child's and the caregiver's understanding of human behavior and social interaction

Front 10

internal working models?

Back 10

infant and caregivers DVP cognitive conceptions of each other used to form expectations and predictions (also important for developing a sense of self)

Front 11

3 models help organize research on early DVP?

Back 11

1) Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model
2) Whiting&Whiting's psychocultural model
3) Developmental niche model

Front 12

Bronfenbrenner bioecological model? (model of early DVP)

Back 12

spheres of social environment

Front 13

Whiting&Whiting's psychocultural model? (model of early DVP)

Back 13

DVP is a chain of social and cultural circumstances.
1) local ecology (climate, fauna, flora)
2)DVP of maintenance systems (social organization, division of labor)
3) activities that determine child's innate environment (child's setting, encounters, pass time)

Front 14

Developmental niche model? (model of early DVP)

Back 14

1) physical and social setting in which the child lives
2) cultural custom of childcare and child rearing
3) psychology of caregiver (beliefs about the nature/needs of the child, child rearing goals and effective rearing techniques)

Front 15

socialization of emotions?

Back 15

1) guided by biological processes
2) moulded by cultural practices
3) modelling

Front 16

temperament?

Back 16

aspect of personality studied in infants which include their emotional expressiveness and responsiveness to stimulation

Front 17

inhibited child?

Back 17

tendency to quickly respond in a negative manner to an unfamiliar situation, being cautious when presented with new stimulus

Front 18

emotions?

Back 18

internal representation of feelings (carry w/ them readiness for action)

Front 19

affect?

Back 19

outward expression of emotions

Front 20

emotions expressed after birth?

Back 20

distress
interest
disgust

Front 21

expressions expressed at 3-4 months? (facial expression)

Back 21

sadness/anger

Front 22

facial expressions at 6-12 months?

Back 22

display different smiles for different types of pleasure

Front 23

facial expressions at 7 months?

Back 23

beginning for facial expression of fear

Front 24

microanalysis?

Back 24

research method for studying dyadic interaction in which 2 individuals are simultaneously filmed w/ diff cameras and tapes are examined side by side

Front 25

2 principle features from CB-BB interaction? (results from microanalysis)

Back 25

1) cycles: newborns appear to cycle from attention/interest to states of inattention (during attention phase = eye contact, pos affect and during inattention = avoid eye contact, more likely to show distress)

Front 26

2 principle features from CB-BB interaction? (results from microanalysis)

Back 26

2) interaction patterns : as mom recognizes baby's cycle of attention/inattention, she adjusts her behavior to them (mother and baby DVP interactional synchrony = match their behavior so they are both "on" or "off") once the synchronous pattern has DVPed, 2nd pattern begins where mother waits for child to respond and then responds back.

Front 27

still face procedure?

Back 27

experimental technique involves the mother present w/ the baby, not showing any facial expression

Front 28

affect mirroring?

Back 28

degree to which caregivers gauge the communicative behaviors to input from their infants) : infant behav patterns correspond to the level of maternal affect mirroring

Front 29

goodness of fit? (model of temperament: 1st model) EASY BABY (1) [THOMAS&STELLA]

Back 29

rhythmic and regular patterns of eating/sleeping/toiletting, adapts well to changing situation, generally positive

Front 30

goodness of fit? (model of temperament: 1st model) DIFFICULT BABY (2) [THOMAS&STELLA]

Back 30

schedules less predictable, uncomfortable when situation change and withdraws from new situation

Front 31

goodness of fit? (model of temperament: first model) SLOW TO WARM UP BABY (3) [THOMAS&STELLA]

Back 31

adapts poorly to changing situation, tends to withdraw from unfamiliar people/objects

Front 32

EAS MODEL? (model of temperament: second model) EMOTIONALITY (1) [PLOMIN]

Back 32

emotionality= how quickly a baby becomes aroused and responds negatively to stimulation from environment (crying)

Front 33

EAS MODEL? (model of temperament: second model) ACTIVITY (2) [PLOMIN]

Back 33

activity= the baby's tempo and energy use (how the baby behaves)

Front 34

EAS MODEL? (model of temperament: second model) SOCIABILITY (3) [PLOMIN]

Back 34

sociability= infant preference for being w/ other people (high ratings correspond to liking interactions)

Front 35

EAS MODEL? (model of temperament: second model) SHYNESS (4) [PLOMIN]

Back 35

shyness= child's response to unfamiliar persons measure of the wariness than of social activity

Front 36

ROTHBART MODEL? (model of temperament: third model) 2 areas: (1) reactivity

Back 36

reactivity= how easily and intensely a baby responds to stimulation

Front 37

ROTHBART MODEL? (model of temperament: third model) 2 areas: (2) self-regulation

Back 37

self-regulation = baby's ability to increase/reduce reactivity
(stable temperament involves both components)

Front 38

PHASES of attachment?

Back 38

(1) birth-2 months: indiscriminate social responsiveness
(2) 2-7 months: discriminate social responsiveness (dvp interactional pattern)
(3) 8-24 months: focused attachment (attachment bond is clear and strong - wariness of strangers and separation protest)

Front 39

How to assess attachment?

Back 39

1) Strange situation (8 episode situation, 12 months old child)
2) AQS (attachment Q-test)

Front 40

Adult attachment interview? (predict how mother will behave with her own child)

Back 40

1) autonomous mother = objective/balanced description of their childhood w/ + and - memories
2) dismissing mothers = claim to have difficulty recalling their later childhood and assign little significance to them
3) preoccupied mothers= tend to dwell on early experiences, confused and emotional descriptions
4) unresolved= have experienced attachment that they have not resolved