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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain how non identical (fraternal)twins are formed.
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2 eggs are ovulated and 2 separate sperm fertilise them. They develop in separate amniotic sacs and with separate placentas.
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Explain how identical twins are formed.
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A fertilised eggsplits into two parts and develops into a separate babies. They will have the same sex and features.
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What are the possible complications of a multiple birth?
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premature birth
smaller more check ups c section increased chance abnormalities. |
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What are the functions of the amniotic fluid?
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Keeps baby at constant temperature.
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What is the function of the placenta?
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Make the hormone progesterone.
Provides an inrterface for absorption of nutrients and oxygen from the mother and the removal of wastes. |
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Outline the role of the following health care professionals;
obstetrician Gynacologist Paediatrician |
obstetrician - specialises in caring for women during preg and birth
Gynacologist - specialises in female reproductive system. Paediatrician - Specialise in the care of children. |
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Outline the routine checks that will take place during pregnancy.
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Urine - checked for protien to indicate pre eclampsia and glucose to indicate diabetes.
Uterus - size position and movement of baby. Blood pressure - pre ecalmpsia. |
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Outline other prenatal examinations.
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Foetal heartbeat
Blood test (anaemia/german measles) Ultrasound scan - date and development. |
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Outline the benefitsa of attening antenatal classes.
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learn about
development of the baby methods of pain releif complications of labour ways to relax breast feeding how to look after the ababy How toinvolve the father |
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Explain the importance of exercise and rest in pregnancy.
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keeps muscles in good shape
ensures a good nights sleep exercising the pelvic floor prevents a leaky bladder. Resting Takes pressure off the back and veins Putting feet up prevents swelling. |
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Outline the reasons for blood tests.
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Anaemia – blood volume has increased so number of blood cells has to also.
Blood group – in case of transfusion Rhesus factor – to prevent rejection of the foetus if mum is rhesus - and dad is rhesus +. Immunity to german measles – so you can avoid if you don’t have it. Hep B, HIV – to give baby special care when born. |
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Outline the reasons for an ultrasound scan.
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Produces a picture of the baby in the uterus.
Number of weeks of pregnancy is determined by measuring length of leg and head. Position of placenta is determined to rule out placenta previa. Nuchal translucency scan – carried out at 11-14weeks. Measures fold at babies neck. Can be first pointer toward baby having downs syndrome. |
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Outline other diagnostic tests that may be carried out.
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Chronic villus sampling (11 weeks)– piece placenta removed and cells examined for babies at high risk of a genetic disease.
Triple test (16 weeks)- if baby has downs syndrome or spina bifida they make a lot of a special protein that can be found in mums blood. Amniocentesis (16 to 18weeks)– hollow needle inserted through abdomen to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid. Will give 100% reliable results about chromosome defect. |
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Outline what happens in the first stage of labour.
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Stage 1 – the neck of uterus opens
• A show – small discharge of mucus and blood • Breaking of waters • Regular strong contractions every 20 to 30 minutes. |
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Outline what happens in the second stage of labour.
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Stage 2- The baby passes through the birth canal
• Crowning – when the head starts to emerge • Episotomy – cut may be made to make vagina bigger |
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Outline what happens in the final stage of labour.
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Stage 3 – baby becomes a person
• Umbilical cord clamped • Afterbirth comes out. |
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Describe special nutritional requirements
In pregnancy. |
More folic acid in first 0 to 3 months
More protein – for growth of baby More calcium for bone growth Extra fibre to reduce constipation To avoid listeriosis • Avoid Soft cheeses • Pate • Uncooked meat • Food that has not been heated enough |
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Explain the importance of exercise and rest in pregnancy.
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Exercise-
keeps muscles in good shape ensures a good nights sleep exercising the pelvic floor prevents a leaky bladder. Resting Takes pressure off the back and veins Putting feet up prevents swelling. |
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Describe routine checks that take place every visit.
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Weight – should gain 12kg only
Blood pressure – to rule out pre eclampsia Urine test – • Glucose – diabetes • Protein – infection Examination of the uterus – to get idea of size and position of baby. Babies heartbeat – Doppler machine checks it in second half of pregnancy. Should be 120 – 160 beats a min. |
