Child Development Exam 1

Front 1

5 Themes of Child Development

Back 1

Nature/Nurture

The Active Child

Continuity and Discontinuity

The Sociocultural Context

Individual Differences

Front 2

Nature/Nurture

Back 2

Interaction of what you're born with and what you experience

Front 3

The Active Child

Back 3

Are children passive or do they shape their own development?

Front 4

Continuity and Discontinuity

Back 4

Discontinuity = Focus on drastic changes, big differences between toddler, five year old, and eight year old

Continuity = focus on gradual changes, individual skill development, domain-specific approach

Front 5

Sociocultural Context

Back 5

Physical, social, cultural, economic, and historical circumstances

Front 6

Individual Differences

Back 6

How do children differ - shy vs. bold, cries a lot vs. smiles a lot, reads fast vs. reads slow

Front 7

Goals of Scientific Method

Back 7

Describe, Explain and Predict Behavior

Front 8

Four Basic Steps of Scientific Method

Back 8

Choose a question to be answered

Formulate a hypothesis

Develop a method for testing

Use the data to draw conclusions

Front 9

Three Research methods

Back 9

Self-Reports

Reports by others

Observations

Front 10

Report By Others

Back 10

People who know the children well (parents, siblings) or pro based on several observations

Con - unreliable reports of child rearing practices

Front 11

Researcher Observations

Back 11

Structured observations, record behavior, make comparisons, establish generality of behaviors

pro - most control

con - does not capture subjective experiences and not natural

Front 12

Stages of prenatal development

Back 12

Germinal period (0-2 weeks)

Embryonic Period (2-8 weeks)

Fetal Period (8 weeks - birth)

Front 13

Teratogens

Back 13

Any environmental agent that causes a birth defect

Front 14

Genotype

Back 14

A particular set of genes a person inherits from his or her parents

Front 15

Phenotype

Back 15

The visible expression of the genotype

Front 16

Ovum

Back 16

Largest human cell, the female germ cell (egg) (where genes come from)

Front 17

Required Competencies of Language

Back 17

Phonological Development

Semantic Development

Syntactic Development

Pragmatic Development

Front 18

Phonlogical Development

Back 18

the acquisition of knowledge about phonemes (smallest sound units of a lnaguage

Front 19

Semantic Development

Back 19

learning the system for expressing meaning in language

Front 20

Syntactic Development

Back 20

learning syntax or rules for coming words

Front 21

Pragmatic Development

Back 21

acquiring knowledge of how language is used

Front 22

Preverbal Communication

Back 22

(Language Acquisition) parent and baby face to face "dialogues", using a gesture to call an object to someones attention

Front 23

Speech perception and understanding

Back 23

(Language Acquisition) right from birth infants are sensitive to the sounds of language, prefer human language sounds

Front 24

Speech production

Back 24

cooing, babbling, one word stage (holophrase) - 12 months with over and under extension

Front 25

Theoretical views of language development

Back 25

Nativist, ineractionist, connectionist