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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are dentists well placed to deal with children Why are kids commonly referred 5 |
You may be one to notice when things are wrong, or behavior is abnormal. Due to fear or poor behavior, however, this is often an excuse or not the child's fault. Maybe fear due to past experiences (dentists fault) or modeling (parents fault). |
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Describe nature vs nurture 3 |
Nature- genetics affect development or contribute to disease Environment- can enrich or deprive. Environments change with age and include sensitive periods. For example, language must be heard within 2 years of age to be fluent. |
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Is there any evidence for gene interaction 1 |
Yes - smoking during pregnancy may affect genetic risk variants for cleft lip and palate |
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Describe physical development of children and when you should intervene. Give examples of development problems 2 |
There are patterns for tooth development (eruption dates) and should take appropriate interventions for those who don't follow the ordinary pattern Cleft, supernumerary teeth |
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Describe motor development 3 |
The attainment of motor skills such as brushing teeth is linear and orderly. Kids sit, crawl, stand then walk (12-18months, if over 2 years - abnormal) |
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Describe the stages of Cognitive Development 4 |
Sensory-Motor Stage (0-2 years) Pre-Operational Stage (2-7 years) Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years) Formal Operational Stage (12+ years) |
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Describe the Sensory Motor Stage 3 |
-0-2 years -Very sensory occupied -Develop knowledge through sense and movement |
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Describe the Pre-Operational Stage 5 |
-2-7 years -Begin to learn that what they see may be different to what someone else sees -Begin to develop language -Less egocentrism as they take others views -Pain is global |
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Describe the Concrete Operational Stage 4 |
-7-11 years -Logical thinking, understanding in abstract form without being shown -Better understanding of pain |
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Describe the Formal Operational Stage 4 |
-12+ years -Able to understand abstract meanings and ideas -Delicate reasoning -Understand what hurts and how much |
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What are the stages for the development of language 5 |
3 months - cooing 12 months - first word 18 months - single utterances 24 months - 2 word utterances 30 months - 3 word utterances |
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Describe how kids develop fearful reactions, and how you can bypass these as a dentist 6 |
Stranger anxiety at 7-10months, therefore must manage patients so they are calm and relaxed. Social referencing - be friendly with the parent Avoid separation from the carer Friendly, familiar environment Alter appearance - less clinical |
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Describe Classical Conditioning 1 |
Pavlov - Pairing conditioned and unconditioned |
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Describe Operant Conditioning 2 |
Learning from rewards (ignore undesirable behaviour, as sometimes negative attention is a reward). If rewarded, will repeat this behaviour |
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Describe Social Learning 2 |
Learning from someone else - will be more likely to copy stroppy or anxious behavior. Difficult parents, rushed dentist. |
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What are typical behaviors associated with anxiety and fear? 6 |
Moving hands Hands over mouth Crying Shaking legs Moving left and right Moving legs up and down |
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Dsecribe behavioural disorders 3 |
5-10% ADHD 1-2% learning disorders 1% autistic |
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Describe ways to manage difficult behaviors 12 |
Observational learning - tell, show, do Clear goals each visit - end once goal achieved Ignore negative behaviors, reward positive Voice control (don't shout but be firm) Communication (stop signals, non-verbal) Forced choices (left side or right side) |
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Describe social development and how orofacial pain can impact 5 |
Appearance is important as it is associated with popularity, bullying and exclusion. Can impact on social and psychosocial wellbeing. Being bullied may lead to becoming a bully yourself |
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Describe child abuse What % of children are abused, and what are the three kinds 3 |
When any adult harms a child or young person under the age of 18 7% - neglect, emotional, sexual |
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What should you do if you suspect child abuse, and what are the signs a child may be being abused 8 |
More defiant, unresponsive, unwell children Those who have experienced neglect are more likely to neglect If you suspect abuse: - speak to supervisor, assess likelihood, explain concerns to parent. Last case scenario - child services. |
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What are some hidden disorders to look out for 5 |
Mental health - shizophrenia, OCD, bipolar May have more calculus, PDD, caries, xerostoma, anxiety, poor diet Eating disorders - gag reflex, caries, PDD, erosion, anorexia/bullemia |
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What did FONESCA 2012 find 4 |
Poor people spend 80% of income on food Poverty associated with poor diet and skills Caries more prevalent amongst poor people Poorer people given less OHI from HCP's |
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What did PORRITT 2012 find 4 |
Dental anxiety develops often in adolescence Dental fear is normal to threatening stimuli Anxious patients commonly referred The 5 areas CBT approaches are life situation, behaviors, worries, emotions and physical symptoms intercalate. |
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What are the three ways RACHMAN proposed fear can be acquired 3 |
-Exposure to threatening information -Vicarious learning (observation of other) -Direct experience |
