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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Development |
The sequence of physical and psychological changes that humanbeings undergo as they grow older |
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Developmental Psychology |
The scientific study of age-related changes inbehaviour, thinking, emotion, and personality |
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What is cognition? |
Cognitive development basically means intellectual growth (memory, learning, attention, perception, thought, problem solving) |
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The father of cognitive development |
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) He observed children, proposed a sequence of development that all normal children follow and introduced the four ‘stages’ of cognitive development |
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Sensorimotor Stage |
Birth- 2years Cognition tied to external stimulation Object permanence (objects do not cease to exist when out of sight) |
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Birth-3 months |
Look at visual stimuli Turn head towards noise |
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3 Months |
Stares at place where object has disappeared, but will not search for object Follows moving objects with eyes |
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5 Months |
Grasp and manipulate objects Anticipate future position of object |
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8 Months |
Searches for hidden object “A not B” effect |
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12 months |
Will search in the last place they saw the object |
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Schema Formation |
A schema is a mental representation or set of rules thatdefines a particular behaviour category. It helps us to understand current andfuture experiences. |
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Assimilation |
The process by which new information is modified to fit inwith an existing schema |
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Accommadation |
The process by which an existing schema is modifiedor changed by new experience |
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Mental Representation |
Occurs towards the end of the sensorimotor period Imitation Deferred imitation - a child’s ability to imitate the actions he or she hasobserved others perform in the past Symbolic play The use of words to represent objects |
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Pre-operational Stage |
2-7 years Ability to think logically as well as symbolicallyRapid development of language ability Counting Object Manipulation Conservation (properties of objects) Egocentrism (others view the world the same way) |
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Concrete Operations Stage |
7 to 12 years Ability to perform logical analysis Ability to empathise with the thoughts/feelings of others Understanding of complex cause-effect relations |
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Formal Operations Stage |
12 years upward Abstract Reasoning Metacognition Dependent on exposure to principles of scientific thinking |
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Social Development |
Forming bonds with people Learning to behave in socially acceptable ways Learning to be good friends and allies Learning to deal with adversaries |
