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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Apoptosis
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Process in which neurons in brain that don’t receive stimulation die out
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Experience-expectant plasticity
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Brains ability to create circuits based on typical human experiences
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Experience-dependent plasticity
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Neural connections are made on basis of specific experiences that are characteristic of particular persons or groups
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Circular reactions
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children learn or gain new experience using their motor abilities; known as circular cause children will often repeat and imitate their own actions (banging pots and pans)
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Object permanence
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idea that objects continue to exist when out of sight
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Recall memory
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what did I see before- the form of memory that involves remembering something perceptual support
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Recognition memory
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is that what I saw before. The form of memory that involves noticing whether a new experience is identical or similar
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Mental representations
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internal depiction of information that the mind can manipulate
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Infantile amnesia
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most people remember events that happened to them before the age of 3
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Joint attention
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when two or more people direct their attention to the same object or person
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Overextension
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an early vocabulary error in which a word is applied too broadly
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Underextensions
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an early vocabulary error in which a word is applied too narrowly
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Telegraphic speech
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Short combinations of words without grammatical essentials.
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Stranger anxiety
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the infant’s expression of fear in response to unfamiliar adults
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Separation anxiety
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an infants distressed reaction to the departure of familiar caregiver
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Social referencing
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actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.
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Attachment
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the strong affectionate tie that humans have with special people in their lives which leads them to feel pleasure when interacting with hose people and to be comforted by their nearness in times of stress.
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Animistic thinking
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the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities such as thoughts wishes feelings and intentions
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Scale error
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toddler’s attempts to do things that their body size makes impossible such as trying to put on dolls clothes fit themselves into a doll-sized chair, or walk through a door too narrow to pass through. Reflects a lack of objective understanding of one’s body dimensions.
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Goodness of fit
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a model that describes how favorable adjustment depends on an effective match or good fit between a child’s temperament and the child rearing environment.
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Sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
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Piaget Children assimilate information into schema until it becomes too difficult, and then accommodate schema. Explore ideas/objects by seeing, touching, listening, tasting, etc. Birth to 2 years
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Theories of language development (behaviorist, nativist, interactionist)
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Behaviorist- learned through operant conditioning and imitation
Nativist- inborn language acquisition device biologically prepares infants to learn rules of language. Interactionist- inner caoacities and environment work together social context is important. |
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Attachment theories (Harlow, Bowlby, Ainsworth)
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Harlow- monkeys preferred contact with the comfortable cloth mother even while noursing on the wire mother.
Bowlby- had 4 main phases of attachment, pre-attachment, attachment in making, clear cut attachment, reciprocal relationship. Ainsworth- realized that all attachments relationships are not the same. Also created strange situation to measure levels of attachment security. |
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Strange Situation & attachment categories
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Strange situations- secure- infants use caregivers as a secure base from which to explore their enviorment.
Insecure- avoidant and ambivalent/resistant Insecure- resistant- infants have trouble separating from their mothers to explore (clingy) Insecure- avoidant- infants separate readily from theor caregivers to explore. Show little preference for caregiver over strangers Disorganized/Disoriented attachment- Odd and bizarre behaviors contradictory actions greatest level of insecurity |
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Fine motor skills
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reaching and grabbing
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gross motor skills
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like crawling and walking.
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Dual representation
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an object has more than one meaning to a child
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Memory scripts
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remembering what and when an event happened In the past.
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Motherese
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speaking to comfort baby.
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