Child Devel. Final

Front 1

social cognition

Back 1

children's understanding of the dynamics of human interactions

Front 2

self esteem in middle chilhood

Back 2

self esteem declines throughout middle childhood, reaches a low at about age 12 then gradually rises up again

Front 3

social comparison

Back 3

comparing their skills and acheivements with those of others
-children

Front 4

helplessness

Back 4

past failures in a particular area may teach a child that theyu are unable to do anything to improve their performance or situation

Front 5

rejection

Back 5

being withdrawn or shy may cause it
low self esteem, poor performance in school

Front 6

bullying

Back 6

a child's repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm on another

Front 7

family influences

Back 7

family functions:
-meets basic food, shelter, and clothing needs
-encourages learning
-develops children's self estoom
-nurtures peer friendships
-provides harmony and stability

Front 8

the variables in the family that influence success or failure

Back 8

-parenting style
-one vs two adults heading the family
-genetic or legal relationship among household members
-socio-economic status

Front 9

nuclear family

Back 9

-two adult family
-better economic status
-better health, housing, nutrition, and education
-has the highest success rate as far as children are concerned

Front 10

single parent family

Back 10

when a two parent family breaks down
90% headed by women

Front 11

divorce

Back 11

negative effects often apparent in the first two years or so and then generally declines

Front 12

variables that influence adjustment after divorce

Back 12

1. harmony - bitterness and hostility
2. stability of daily life-changes in child's life, lower income, change of residence or school
3. stability for younger and older children- transitional periods, younger children more disturbed immediatly, older children feel effects longer
4. sex of child-males have more difficulty adjusting-lack of male role model
5. long term involvement of both parents is beneficial

Front 13

cope stresses

Back 13

the more stresses that occur the greater the disruptions

Front 14

what helps children cope?

Back 14

something that helps with confidence, find something that the child is good at, parents put emphasis on it, raises their confidence

Front 15

definition of puberty

Back 15

period of physical growth that ends childhood and brings the person to adult size, shape, and sexual potential

Front 16

menarche

Back 16

a female's first menstrual period
occurs between 9 and 15

Front 17

spermarche

Back 17

a males first ejaculation of live sperm, whether through masturbation, a dream, or sexual contact with another person

Front 18

growth spurt

Back 18

the period of relatively sudden and physical growth of every part of the body
also the first instance of the change in growth, not proximal distal, but distal proximal

Front 19

wider taller then stronger how?

Back 19

lung capacity-able to sustain high activity level for a longer period of time
weight gain
height

Front 20

what vitiman do females tend to be short on?

Back 20

iron

Front 21

anorexia nervosa

Back 21

wating disorder charachterized by cumpulsive undereating that results in emaciation, starvation, and sometimes death

Front 22

bulimia

Back 22

eating disorder that is characterized by repeated episodes of pvereating followed by elimination through vomiting or use of laxitives

Front 23

what are the three gateway drugs?

Back 23

tobacco, alcohol, and marijuanna

Front 24

drug use

Back 24

simply ingestion of drug, regardless of the amount or effect

Front 25

drug abuse

Back 25

ingestion of drug to extent that users' well being is impaired

Front 26

drug addiction

Back 26

ingestion to a level that person craves more of drug to feel physically or psychologically at ease

Front 27

formal operational thought

Back 27

adolescents are able to speculate, hypothesize, and fantisize.

Front 28

adolescent egocentrism

Back 28

charachteristic of adolescent thinking that sometimes leads young pple to focus on themselves to the exclusion of other's

Front 29

fantasies and fables

Back 29

imagine their lives as heroic or mythical

Front 30

imaginary audience

Back 30

assume that pple will be watching us

Front 31

ego involvement in learning

Back 31

based on test grade

Front 32

task involvement learning

Back 32

looking at cooperative learning

Front 33

how do parents help influence adolescents?

Back 33

listen listen listen!

Front 34

multiple selves

Back 34

teens playing different roles with different pple in different circumstances

Front 35

identity acheivement

Back 35

occurs when youths acheive thier new identity through selective repudiation and mutial assiliation of childhood identifications

Front 36

identity moratorium

Back 36

experimentation with alternative identities b4 accomplishing id achievment

Front 37

foreclosure

Back 37

accepting of earlir roles and parental values whole-sale without exploring alternatives

Front 38

negative identity

Back 38

forge identity that is opposite of the one they are expected to take

Front 39

identity diffusion

Back 39

few committments to goals or values

Front 40

ethnic identity

Back 40

do i thrive for my ethnicity or resort to the melting pot?

Front 41

exagerated gender stereotypes

Back 41

adolescents often hold exagerated gender stereotype notions, this makes things especially challenging for pple who have a different gender identity such as gays or lesbians

Front 42

rite of passage

Back 42

sweet 16, la quinceanera, debutantes' ball, senior prom, driver's liscence, voting

Front 43

depression

Back 43

increases in adolescents

Front 44

adolescent suicide
why do they do it?

Back 44

effort to escape from self, from feelings of inadequacy, feeling of letting parents or society down facing high expectations

Front 45

parasuicide

Back 45

suicide attempt that is unsuccessful

Front 46

which gender is more sucessful at committing suicide?

Back 46

males

Front 47

generation gap

Back 47

substantial agreement between parents and adolescents on issues such as political, vocational, educational, and religious

Front 48

generation stake

Back 48

-parents strive to ensure continuity of their own values
-adolescents search for their own values
-disagreement can result