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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When should a parent begin cleaning their baby's gums?
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- about the time of eruption of the first teeth (mandibular incisors @ 4-8mos)
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Up until six months of age, if toothpaste is used on a child it should be.....?
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Fluoride free.
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What are the symptoms of teething?
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- Ginigival irritation
- Irritability and sleep disturbance - drooling |
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What are some common myths associated with teething, and why do they occur around the same time as teething begins?
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- fevers
- ear aches - diarrhea - facial rashes These are related to activation of the child's immune system, often caused by the placement of objects in their mouth. |
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By what age should parents bring their child to the dentist?
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1 year old.
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What is the purpose of a one year old's dental visit?
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Also called "Baby Wellness" Visit, the purpose of the 1 year old dental visit is to:
- provide guidance - familiarize child w/office and establish a dental home - determine the need for fluoride exposure - educate parents about bottle weaning and care of child's mouth - prevention of ECC - evaluate for oral pathology |
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In most instances, where is early dental decay detected on a child?
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The lingual aspects of E & F (maxillary central incisors - out of the parents view)
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Ideally, when should bottle weaning begin?
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1 year old.
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Name three bottle weaning techniques.
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1) Cold turkey
2) Ounce reduction 3) Serial Dilution |
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What is the ounce reduction bottle weaning technique and how long does it typically take?
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A reduction in the amount of fluids delivered through a bottle over the course of eight days.
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What is the serial dilution bottle weaning technique and approximately how long does it take?
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Adding increasing increments of water to beverages consumed in a bottle over the course of two weeks until the beverage is composed entirely of water.
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What is the thought process behind the serial dilution bottle weaning technique?
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At 100% water, child will not like the beverage and at this time 100% juice or formula can be given to the child in a cup and they will like it better than the bottle.
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What amount of fluoride supplement, if any, should a child > 6mos be receiving if they live in a non-fluoridated area?
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.25mg
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A child 0-6mos in an area with <0.3 ppm fluoride in community water should receive what fluoride supplement dosage?
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0mg
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A child 6mos-3years in an area with <0.3 ppm fluoride in community water should receive what fluoride supplement dosage?
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.25mg
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A child 3-6yearsin an area with <0.3 ppm fluoride in community water should receive what fluoride supplement dosage?
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.50mg
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A child 6-16years in an area with <0.3 ppm fluoride in community water should receive what fluoride supplement dosage?
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1.0mg
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When should administration of fluoride supplements stop?
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16 years old
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What recall schedule should the child be placed on after the 1 year old visit?
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Recall period should be based on caries risk assessment.
Low risk: 1-2 years. Evidence of disease: 3mos |
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What ethnic backgrounds have the highest rate of ECC?
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American Indian and Alaskan
- 400% higher rate of incidence than all US races - more destructive |
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American children with what ethnic background are 2-5 times more likely than others to have ECC?
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Mexican-American
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What percentage of US children under 6years old experience ECC?
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5% (300,000)
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What socioeconomic factors influence risk of ECC in US children between the ages of 2-5years?
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- living below the poverty line
- not eating breakfast - eating <5 servings of fruits/vegetables a day |
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What is vertical colonization of cariogenic bacteria?
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When bacteria is spread from the primary caregiver to the child.
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Between what ages are S. mutans acquired?
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6-31 months
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Typically, at what age is ECC clinically detected?
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2 1/2 - 3 years old
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What teeth are affected by ECC?
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Teeth that erupt early and are less protected (maxillary anteriors)
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What is the average age of detection of ECC, by parents?
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Approximately 22 mos. When they see a dark spot of the facial aspect of an anterior tooth that they cannot brush off. By this time, lingual aspect is also decayed, but not visible to parent.
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What are the 7 risk factors for ECC?
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1) Premature birth/chronic illness (meds w/sugar)
2) Improper feeding behaviors (sleeping w/bottle) 3) Poor oral health of primary caregiver 4) Low socioeconomics 5) Lack of daily biofilm control 6) Poor diet quality 7) Excessive/continued bottle/breast feeding after 1yr |
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What is the #1 predictor of caries in secondary dentition?
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Caries in the primary dentition.
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When is lingual cavitation of E & F typically detected?
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18 mos
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List 7 effects of ECC.
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1) Extreme pain
2) Localized oral infection (can become systemic) 3) Difficulty chewing, poor weight gain 4) Affect the growth of the child 5) Extensive & costly treatment 6) Risk of dental decay in permanent teeth 7) Malocclusion due to space loss |
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Name 5 ECC Prevention Strategies.
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1) Prevention education
2) Decrease caregivers S.mutans levels 3) Parent assisted brushing 4) Nutritional counseling (no bottle after 1 yr old) 5) Fluoride (professional app. or supplements) |
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At what ages should a review of fluoride exposure take place during the dental visit?
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Birth - 16 years old.
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When is dental fluorosis no longer a concern?
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Around 8 years of age, when the permanent teeth have mineralized.
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An anterior overbite, posterior crossbite, lingual inclination of mandibular incisors are all effects of.....?
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Non-nutritive sucking persisting beyond 5 years of age.
Severity increases with intensity, duration, and frequency of habit. |
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According to the ADA, thumb-sucking does not cause permanent problems with the teeth or jaw line unless it is continued beyond what age?
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5 years old
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When and why should non-nutritive sucking be addressed, if not self-extinguished?
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4 years old.
Before 4 years old concentrate on potty training and do not bring attention to non-nutritive sucking, which may be used as a coping mechanism. |
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Talking w/the child, reminder therapy, reward systems, and physical interruption are examples of?
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Behavior modification approaches with positive reinforcement to aid in non-nutritive sucking cessation.
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What effect of non-nutritive sucking will not self correct?
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A posterior crossbite will not self correct and will require orthodontic treatment.
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Why will all but one negative effect on dentition caused by non-nutritive sucking self correct?
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The musculature can correct all malocclusions caused by non-nutritive sucking, except for a posterior crossbite.
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A posterior crossbite caused by non-nutritive sucking is related to a ....?
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Strong buccinator muscle.
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By what age SHOULD x-rays be taken on children?
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At 5 years old.
99% if children can take 2 BWs @ this age. |
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By what age CAN x-rays be taken on children?
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4 years old if child has closed contacts between the 1st & 2nd primary molars and they can cooperate.
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What should you do if you cannot expose radiographs on a 4 year old with closed contacts?
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Inform the parent that area has a high decay rate and instruct them to floss the contact to prevent caries.
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Parent assisted brushing should persist until what age?
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7-8 years old.
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What should parents do when assisting their child with brushing?
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- Brush child's teeth for 30sec-1min after breakfast and before bed.
- Lean child's head on lap and place brush @ 45degree angle to the teeth - start using a pea size amount of fluoridated paste - begin flossing teeth when primary molars touch |
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By what percentage does a child's weight increase from 1-2 years old?
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25%
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What is the caries prevention strategy for 3-5 year olds?
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1) Nutrition
2) Fluoride exposure 3) Parent assisted brushing 4) Flossing 5) Limit juice intake |
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What is the most common chronic disease affecting children in the US?
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Dental caries.
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According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children under 6 mos should have how much juice?
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Children under 6 mos should have NO JUICE.
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According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children 1-6 years should have how much juice?
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4-6oz./day
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According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children 7-18 yearss should have how much juice?
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8-12oz.day
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How many exposures to a new food will be necessary before a child willingly eats it?
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8-20 exposures
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What is Glycyrrihizol?
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An extract from the licorice plant that as of 2010 has been considered an anti-caries agent.
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What is the ideal age to implement behavior guidance techniques (BGT)?
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3-6 years old.
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What is the purpose of behavior guidance techniques?
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To desensitize the child to the dental environment
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Pre-appointment letter or visit, modeling behavior, tell-show-do, praise and communication, voice control and physical restraint are all examples of what?
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Behavior Guidance Techniques for making a good dental patient.
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Behavior guidance techniques should be implemented in what order?
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Least invasive to most.
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What behavior guidance technique require parental consent?
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Voice control
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When treating a child dental patient, how should you tell them to sit?
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Legs straight out, hands on tummy (belly button).
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When is protective stabilization most often used?
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On children <30mos who require dental restorative treatment.
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Protective Stabilization
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the restriction of a patient's freedom of movement, with or without the patient's permission, to decrease the risk of injury while allowing the safe completion of treatment.
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What is the #1 cause of breakdown of a child's dental behavior?
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Local anesthesia
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What are the three most common congenitally missing teeth?
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- mandibular 2nd premolars
- maxillary lateral incisors - third molars |
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Mesiodens
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A small supernumerary primary tooth between #8 & #9
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Transitional dentition
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6-12 years old
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When should the first panoramic film be exposed?
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6-7 years old
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Permanent Dentition
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13 & >
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Intrinsic factors of erosion
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- GERD
- Eating disorders - Rumination - Frequent vomiting - Xerostomia (lower pH) - Toothbrushing when acid is present in mouth |
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Smooth glassy appearance, cupping of occlusal surfaces, dentin exposure, raised amalgam restorations and hypersensitivity are signs of what?
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Erosion
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If a child is being breast fed, should they be receiving a fluoride supplement? If so, how much?
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.25mg, because formula is already fluoridated and breast milk is not.
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