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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Developmental Disorders
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Autism; Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Language and Learning Disorders |
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Disruptive Behavior Disorders (“externalizing”)
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder; Conduct Disorder |
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Affective Disorders (“internalizing”)
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Anxiety Disorders
Depression; Bipolar Disorder |
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Other disorders
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Tic Disorders/Tourette’s Disorder; Eating Disorders; Substance Use D/O’s; Schizophrenia
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Separation Anxiety Disorder: 5 to 8 y/o
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unrealistic worry about harm to parents or attachment figures and school refusal
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Separation Anxiety Disorder: 9 to 12 y/o
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excessive distress at times of separation
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Separation Anxiety Disorder: adolescent
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somatic complaints and school refusal.
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Depression
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Irritability is often the primary symptom
Kids often brighten temporarily when in positive environment or with friends School performance often drops (amotivation, poor concentration) |
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Bipolar Disorder
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1% of adolescents
High rates of comorbidity with other disorders (esp. ADHD, ODD, anxiety disorders and substance abuse in teens) |
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Psychosis
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Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized Thinking
early-onset schizophrenia |
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Three cardinal diagnostic features of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Hyperactivity
Inattention/Distractibility Impulsivity |
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Deficit in executive functioning of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Problems with learning/maintaining rule-governed behavior
Cannot hold behavior/consequence contingencies over time |
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Core deficits in attention and inhibition are highly genetic T/F
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70%-90% genetic contribution
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ADHD - Epidemiology
% of school age children? male to female ratio? symptom onset? |
3-8%
3:1 to 8:1 before 7 |
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ADHD – Clinical Course
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About 30% improve substantially in adolescence
1/3 have some subthreshold symptoms as adults, but not substantial impairment 1/3 still very symptomatic into adulthood Sequelae include substance use, school failure, antisocial behavior |
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Oppositional Defiant D/O
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Recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, hostile, and disobedient behavior towards authority figures
Stubbornness, resistance to directions, unwilling to compromise Deliberate limit-testing, arguing, failing to accept blame Deliberately annoys others, verbal aggression Often comorbid with ADHD Often antecedent to Conduct Disorder |
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Conduct Disorder
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Repetitive and persistent behavior that violates the basic rights of others and major age-appropriate societal norms
Aggression to people and/or animals Deceitfulness or theft Property destruction Serious violations of rules (truancy, running away, repeatedly staying out all night prior to age 13) |
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Course of Conduct D/O
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High rates of substance abuse
High rates of suicidal ideation and attempts Poor school performance Many progress to antisocial behavior as adults |
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Autism
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Impairment in Language
Deficits in social functioning Abnormally restricted activities and interests; repetitive unusual behaviors likely exists on a spectrum |
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Autism: Age of onset before age ___ in 94% cases
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3
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Autism: Ratio of male:female
ethnic groups, SES status? |
4-5:1
even distribution |
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ASD – Impairment of Social Interactions
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Limited awareness of the existence of others or the feelings of others (lack of “theory of mind”)
Absent or abnormal seeking of comfort at times of distress Absence of sharing experiences with others (“bring to show”) Absent or abnormal social play Gross impairment in ability to make peer friendships |
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ASD – Impairment of Communication/Language Abnormalities
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May have no mode of verbal communication
Markedly abnormal non-verbal communication Absence of playacting, fantasy life, etc. Abnormalities in the production of speech Echolalia, idiosyncratic use of words or phrases, abnormal prosody or articulation Impairment in ability to sustain a conversation with others |
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ASD – Impaired Repertoire of Activities/Interests
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Stereotyped body movements
Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects Marked distress over changes in trivial aspects of environment Unreasonable insistence on following routines in precise detail Markedly restricted range of interests |
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Autistic Spectrum Disorders – Associated symptoms
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Difficulty in cognitive functioning, learning, attention, and sensory processing
50-75% have mental retardation Higher incidence of abnormal EEG and seizures Self-injurious behavior Unusual posturing and other motor behaviors (repetitive, non-functional movements |
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Prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Disorders
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Best estimates: 1/160 – 1/300 for autistic spectrum d/o’s
More recent studies show higher prevalence May be related to broader criteria & better case finding |
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Asperger’s Disorder
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Normal early language development and intelligence (often still has subtle language abnormalities)
Impairment in social functioning and restriction in interests like autism (usually milder) |
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PDD NOS
Pervasive Developmental Disorders |
Meets some but not all criteria for autism
Milder and generally less impairing than autism |
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Tourette’s Syndrome
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Motor and vocal tics, lasting at least one year in duration
Tics: sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization Tics vs. compulsions – may be a spectrum Tic = repetitive, purposeless, non-goal directed, involuntary, partially suppressible Compulsion = repetitive, with purpose (to relieve anxiety), goal-directed, quasivoluntary, partially suppressible |
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Tourette’s - Epidemiology
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Prevalence rate at least 0.1%
- Milder forms of tic disorders are much more common Ratio of male:female = 2-3 : 1 Median age of onset is 6 years (range 1-17 years of age) |
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Other Movement Disorders: Choreiform
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dancing, random, irregular, non-repetitive
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Other Movement Disorders:Dystonic
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slower, twisting movements interspersed with prolonged muscle tension
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Other Movement Disorders:Athetoid
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slow, irregular, writhing
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Other Movement Disorders:Myoclonic
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brief, shock-like muscle contractions
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Tourette’s – Associated Symptoms
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and other behavior disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Depression Substance Abuse |
