Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What chest view will give you magnification of the heart?
|
AP
|
|
|
Why is the heart magnified with a AP view?
|
Umbra effect
|
|
|
With full inspiration with what rib can you see?
|
8th-10th rib posteriorly, can see base of lung
|
|
|
When can you see acinus on an image?
|
only can see acinus if they are in a group and they are diseased. Normally you won't see them.
|
|
|
What portion of the lung will you see no vascularization?
|
lower 1/3 part
|
|
|
What hemidiaphragm will usually be higher?
|
Right
|
|
|
What lung fissure can you see with a frontal film? (AP)
|
Minor
|
|
|
Is it normal to see an Azygos Fissure?
|
No, it's abnormal. with normal development the azygous vein is only covered with 1 visceral pleura, but sometimes it is covered with 4 visceral&parietal layers. When this happens we see an Azygos Fissure.
|
|
|
If fissures are too thick, then this could mean what?
|
fluid in fissure
|
|
|
If you have a suspicious view of a lung or suspect TB what would you do to see the apex of the lung better?
|
Apical Lordotic View
|
|
|
With an enlarged spleen, what would you expect to see on your chest xray?
|
medial displacement of gastric air bubble
|
|
|
How should a normal cervical rib appear on an xray?
|
transverse process should be looking up (abnormal if pointing down)
|
|
|
C7 transverse process is pointing up, is this normal or abnormal?
|
abnormal, last cervical vertebrae should point down because the first thoracic points up.
|
|
|
How do you find the Cardiac Thoracic Ratio?
|
take greater transverse diameter of heart and compare to greater transverse diameter of chest. If less than 50% than normal
|
|
|
Cardiac Thoracic Ratio should only be calculated with what film?
|
PA films, unless patient is in ICU, then you can use AP to measure any changes they might have
|
|
|
What 2 steps should you take to read a chest xray?
|
1. look from periphery to center
2. go from side to side |
|
|
Heart should fill how much a the chest with a lateral view?
|
1/3, more than that than bad.
|
|
|
What should be noticed about vertebrae in a lateral view of the chest?
|
thoracic vert. should get darker
|
|
|
When looking at a CT, which pulmonary A comes out higher, and therefore you'll see first?
|
Left Pulmonary A
|
|
|
What kind of film are you taking when you get two images, one for the mediastinum and one for the vessels?
|
Narrow window- increases contrast film
|
|
|
If a lesion has borders than assume its a _________.
|
mass
|
|
|
If a lesion has no borders than assume its a ____________.
|
Infiltrate
|
|
|
What is the order of density from darkest to lightest?
|
Air (lungs, trachea & bronchi)
Fat Water (vessels) Calcium |
|
|
What facilitates the detection and location of water density pathology?
|
Silhouette Sign
|
|
|
Heart, vessels, and diaphragm are _______ density.
|
water
|
|
|
What is the visulization of air within peripheral bronchi indicating abnormal density surrounding bronchi? (pneumonia)
|
Air Bronchogram Sign
|
|
|
What do Air Bronchogram signs look like on a chest xray?
|
dark lines
|
|
|
What will give you white density in the chest if it's not a mass?
|
Atelactasis
Pneumonia Effusion (Mass) |
|
|
What is collapse or incomplete expansion of the lung or part of the lung?
|
Atelectasis
|
|
|
Atelectasis is most often caused by what?
|
Endobronchial lesion, such as mucus plug or tumor in bronchus. also can be caused by extrinsic compression centrally by a mass such as lymph nodes or peripheral compression by pleural effusion.
|
|
|
What is unusual type of Atelectasis and is secondary to scarring, TB or status post radiation?
|
Cicatricial
|
|
|
What are 3 direct signs of Atelectasis?
|
1. Linear increased density on chest x-ray
2. Apex of lesion tends to be at hilum 3. density is associated with VOLUME LOSS |
|
|
What are 4 indirect signs of Atelectasis?
|
1. vascular crowding
2. mediastinal shift, towards collapse 3. compensatory hyperinflation of adjacent lobes 4. linear, curvilinear wedge shaped opacities |
|
|
What is most often associated with post-op patients and those with massive hepatosplenomegaly or ascites?
|
Segmental and subsegmental collapse showing linear, curvilinear, wedge shaped opacities
|
|
|
With pleural effusion, density is ALWAYS in what portion of the lung?
|
Dependent portion
|
|
|
With pleural effusion, what direction do adjacent structure shift?
|
away from the lesion
|
|
|
What follows occlusion of the left circumflex artery?
|
Posterolateral Infarct
|
|
|
What follows occlusion of the anterior descending branch (LAD)?
|
Anterior Infarct, its adjacent to 2/3 of the septum. it involves the entire circumference of the wall near the apex-
ends BADLY |
|
|
What follows occlusion of the Right Coronary A?
|
Posterior (Inferior or Diaphragmatic) Infarct. Involves posterior wall as well the posterior 1/3 of the IV septum and the posterior papillary muscle in the basal half of the ventricle
|
|
|
What view would you take to see the Right Coronary A?
|
Left Anterior Oblique
|
|
|
What supplies blood to most of the LA, LV and interventricle septum?
|
Left Coronary A
|
|
|
What supplies blood to the REST of the heart, RA, RV, parts of LA and LV, 1/3 IV septum,, and the SA and AV nodes?
|
RCA
|
|
|
What is considered cardiac chamber enlargement?
|
Cardiac Ratio with the internal diameter more than 50%
|
|
|
What is Pectus Excavatum?
|
Sternum is pushed in, shoves over to left, so remember if you can't see the right side of the heart, you can't accurately measure it b/c you'll also be measuring the spine
|
|
|
What is the narrowing of the mouths of Coronary Arteries?
|
Ostial Stenosis
|
