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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Causes of tracheal stenosis
  • TB
  • sarcoid
  • polyangiitis with granulomatosis (Wegener)
  • radiation therapy

Common causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension
  • idiopathic
  • right-to-left cardiac shunt
  • chronic PE
  • COPD

Causes of pulmonary cavity in adults
  • primary lung cancer (most commonly SCC)
  • metastases (most commonly SCC)
  • abscess
  • pneumoatocoele
  • polyangiitis with granulomatosis
  • septic emboli
  • pulmonary TB

Right-to-left cardiac shunts
  • persistent truncus arteriosus
  • transposition of great vessels
  • tricuspid atresia
  • tetralogy of Fallot
  • TAPVR

Complications of pneumonia
  • pleural effusion
  • abscess
  • empyema
  • pneumatocoele

Migratory pulmonary opacities
  • pulmonary haemorrhage
  • pulmonary vasculitis
  • COP
  • eosinophilic pneumonia
  • recurrent aspiration

Airspace nodule with GGO halo
  • infectious diseases: invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, mucormycosis, candidiasis

  • noninfectious diseases: Wegener granulomatosis, primary and metastatic hemorrhagic tumors, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, pulmonary lymphoma

ASD: associations
  • Turner syndrome
  • Down syndrome
  • Klippel-Feil syndrome
  • Noonan syndrome
  • TAPVR / PAPVR
  • mitral valve prolapse

Thymic hyperplasia: causes
  • rebound: chemotherapy
  • burns
  • XRT
  • Addison disease
  • acromegaly
  • Graves disease
  • SLE
  • myaesthenia gravis
  • scleroderma

Haemorrhagic metastases: causes
  • choriocarcinoma
  • renal cell carcinoma
  • melanoma
  • thyroid carcinoma
  • breast cancer
  • bronchogenic carcinoma

Pneumocystis pneumonia
  • perihilar / midzone GGO
  • +/- septal thickening (i.e. crazy paving)
  • pneumatocoeles (30%)
  • lymphadenopathy (10%)
  • pleural effusions are rare

Crazy paving: common causes
  • alveolar proteinosis
  • PCP
  • AIP / ARDS
  • bacterial pneumonia

Fleischner guidelines: initial nodule follow-up CT
  • ≤4 mm: nil (LR) or 12mo (HR)
  • 4-6 mm: 12mo (LR) or 6-12mo (HR)
  • 6-8 mm: 6-12mo (LR) or 3-6mo (HR)
  • >8 mm: PET +/- biopsy with 3, 6, 9 mo follow-up is negative biopsy (imaging pathways, different to Fleischner)

Atrial myxoma
  • left atrium (intra-atrial septum); 75%
  • a/w Carney's complex
  • usually pedunculated
  • T1: low/iso
  • T2: high
  • C+: heterogeneous

Types of endoleaks
  • type 1: inadequate seal at either end
  • type 2: sac filling from branch
  • type 3: leak through graft (mechanical failure)
  • type 4: leak through pores in graft material
  • type 5: endotension

Carotid stenosis: PSV and ICA:CCA
  • >70%: PSV >230 cm/s; ICA:CCA >4.0
  • 50-69%: 125-120 cm/s; ICA:CCA 2.0-4.0
  • <50%: <125 cm/s; <2.0