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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two plant alkaloids?
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vincristine and vinblastine
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What is the MOA of vincristine?
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Vincristine binds the mitotic spindle and are only effective in the M phase of the cell cycle
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What is the MOA of vinblastine?
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Vinblastine blocks the cells utilization of glutamic acid, inhibiting purine synthesis
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Why is neither vincristine nor vinblastine given perivascularly?
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because it is a vessicant and never given SQ
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Which of the plant alkaloids fare first choice for treatment and why?
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Vincristine because Vinblastine is marrow suppressive
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What is the disadvantage of administering Vincristine over vinblastine?
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vincristine causes neuropathies and vinblastine does not
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Is vincristine non-marrow suppressive or marrow suppressive?
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non-marrow suppressive
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What is vincristine used to treat?
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used in combo with other drugs to treat lymphomas and sracomas and used as a single agent to treat transmissible veneral tumor
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What antitumor antibiotic is used in the treatment of tumor in dogs and cat lymphomas, leukemia, sarcomas, and carcinomas?
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Doxorubicin
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What is the MOA of Doxorubicin?
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cytotoxic binds irreversibly with DNA and prevents both RNA and DNA synthesis
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Where is doxorubicin metabolized and excreted?
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metabolized in the liver to active and inactive metabolities and excreted in the bile, but remains in the plasma for prolonged period of time
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In the treatment of some sarcomas, doxorubicin is synergistic with what drug?
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cyclophosphamide
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Doxorubicin is more commonly known as
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"red death"
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What side effects are seen with administration of doxorubicin?
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Cardiotoxicity, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac heart failure
Nephrotoxicity Vesicant Vomiting/colitis delayed hair growth allergic type reaction secondary to direct mass cell degranulation anorexia nausea myelosuppression |
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What must you premedicate an animal with before giving doxorubicin?
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dexamethasome
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What protocol is necessary prior to giving dexamethasone treatment?
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must dilute prior to giving it IV
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What drugs are incompatible with doxorubicin?
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heparin, aminophylline, cephalothin, dexamethasone, diazepam, hydrocortisone, and furosemide
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Why is it important to pre flush and post flush the line when administering doxorubicin?
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because it is a vessicant
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what are the analogs of doxorubicin?
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dactinomycin, bleomycin, and mitoxantrone
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what is the mechanism of action of dactinomycin?
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drug binds to DNA by intercalating and causes single-stranded DNA breaks causing apoptosis in tumore cells
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Which actinomycins is produced by streptomyces?
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dactinomyces
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What is the principal use for dactinomyces?
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principal use as a substitute for doxorubicin when cardio toxic
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What is bleomycin treatment most effective for?
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squamous cell carcinoma in cats and dogs
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What is the MOA of mitoxantrone?
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intercalates into DNA and causes cross-linking, with inhibition of both DNA and RNA synthesis.
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Is mitoxantrone cell cycle specific?
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yes, but phase non specific
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WHat is the primary reason for mitoxantrone treatment?
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used for lymphoma tumor cells resistant to other drugs
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Which doxorubicin analog is most likely to cause myelosuppression?
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mitoxantrone
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Which doxorubicin analog is much less toxic than doxorubicin?
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mitoxantrone
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What is the effect of BLUE THUNDER?
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blue green color in scelera and in the urine of toxic animals
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What is antimetabolites and what are the drugs in this category?
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Antimetabolites are structural analogs for normal metabolites of nucleic acids, and the interfere with incorporation into DNA.
Drugs involved are: Methotrexate, Cytosine Arabinoside, and 5-Flurouracil |
