Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
S- phase specific antimetabolite. Folic acid analog -->inhibits Dihydrofolate reductase-->no dTMP for DNA synth
|
Methotrexate
|
|
|
Methotrexate toxicity
|
Myelosupression (leucovorin rescue-->provides folate), Fatty change in liver, mucositis
|
|
|
ara-C (cytarabine)
|
Inhibits DNA polymerase
|
|
|
Cytarabine toxicity
|
Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, Megaloblastic anemia
|
|
|
5-FU mech. of action and toxicity
|
S-phase specific pyrimadine analog-->inhibits thymidylate synthase-->no dTMP for DNA synth.
Toxicity: Myelosuppresion; photosensitivity |
|
|
6-MP (6-mercaptopurine) mechanism of action and toxicity
|
Blocks de novo purine synthesis.
Toxicity: BM tox, GI, hepatotoxicity. metabolized by xanthine oxidase (allopurinol toxicity) |
|
|
Which chemo agents affect Nucleotide Synthesis?
|
5-FU, 6-MP, MTX
|
|
|
Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide mechanism of action, uses, toxicity |
Alkylating agent, x-links DNA @ guanine. Bioactivation via liver.
uses: NHL, breast and ovarian carcinomas toxicity: Myelosuppression. Hemmorhagic cystitis (prevent with Mesna and hydration), stomatitis |
|
|
Cisplatin, Carboplatin
uses, mechanism of action, toxicity |
X-link DNA.
uses: lung carcinomas, breast, testicular, ovary toxicity: ototoxicity, neurotoxicity |
|
|
Doxorubicin, daunorubicin
|
gen free radicals-->breaks DNA.
Hodgkin's lymphoma, myeloma, solid tumors toxicity: cardiotoxicity, myelosuppresion, alopecia |
|
|
Hydroxyurea
|
S-phjase specific: Inhibits Ribonucleotide Reductase, --> decreased DNA synthesis
USES: melanoma, CML, sickle cell (incr HbF) toxicity: myelosuppression, GI upset |
|
|
Drugs affecting DNA
|
Alkylating agents, cisplatin, dactinomycin, doxorubicin, Etoposide
|
|
|
Etoposide (VP-16)
|
G2-phase -->inhibits topoisomerase II and increased DNA degredation
|
|
|
Tamoxifen, raloxifene
|
SERMs-estrogen receptor antagonists in breast, agonists in bone, prevent osteoporosis
toxicity: partial agonist of endometrium-->cancer |
|
|
Bleomycin
|
Induces formation free radicals-->strand breals
toxicity: pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes, minimal myelosupression |
|
|
Trastuzumazab
|
mechanism: monoclonal Ab against Her-neu in some breast cancer
Cardiotoxic |
|
|
Imatinib (Gleevec)
|
tyrosine kinase inhibitor of Bcr-Abl on 9:22 Phil. Chromosome in CML
|
|
|
Vincristine, Vinblastine
|
mech: M-phase-->binds tubulin inhibits mictotubule formation
toxicity: neurotoxicity, myelosuppresion, BM suppresion |
|
|
Paclitaxel
|
hyperstabilizes tubulin
Myelosuppresion |
|
|
t(8:14)
|
c-myc next to heavy chain gene; Burkitt's lymphoma
|
|
|
t(15;17)
|
M3 tye AML (promyelocytic) --> responds to retinoic acid
|
|
|
t(11;14)
|
Mantle cell lymphoma
|
|
|
t(14;18)
|
Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
|
|
|
Multiple Myeloma
|
C: hyperCalcemia
R: renal insufficiency A: anemia B: Bone/Back Pain |
|
|
Reed-Sternberg cells
|
"Owl eyes" tumor giant cells in Hodgkin's disease
-CD30+ and CD15+ B-cell origin |
|
|
How does Hodgkin's lymphoma present?
|
multiple peripheral nodes; extranodal involvement;
|
|
|
How differentiate CML from leukemoid rxn?
|
leukemoid rxn = high alkaline phosphatase
CML = low alk phos |
