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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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adjuvant
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at the same time
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neoadjuvant
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before
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primary treatment
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one treatment
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Alkylating agents are used for what types of cancers?
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-lymphoma
-breast -lupus (not a cancer) |
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Toxicities of alkylating agents?
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All can cause fatigue (side effect)
Toxicity: -hematological -induction of leukemia-usually AML -myelosuppression -irreversible infertility -very immmunosuppressive |
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How do alkylating agents work?
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-cross links guanine bases in DNA or creates DNA breaks
-works for cells in any part of the cell cycle -kills nonproliferating cells |
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Cisplatin/Platinum chemo drugs are used for what types of cancers?
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-testicular
-GYN -Lung-small cell and non small cell -head and neck -bladder -sarcoma |
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Cisplatin/platinum toxicity?
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-renal-give extra fluids w/chemo, and increase at home intake
-neurological (deafness) -severe nausea and vomiting |
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How do Cisplatin/Platinum agents work?
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-cross links DNA
-works the most like RT |
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Antimetabolites are used to treat what kinds of cancers?
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-Breast
-Lymphoma -Colon/GI |
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Antimetabolites toxicity?
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-Gi
-Skin -Hematologic |
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How do Antimetabolites work?
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-Imitates DNA building blocks (purine and pyrimidine)
They prevent normal building blocks from being incorporated into the DNA during the S phase, stopping normal development and division -Effective in cells during S-phase |
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Topoisomerase I inhibitors are used for what types of cancers?
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-Breast
-Lymphoma -Sarcoma -Metastatic colon cancer -Advanced ovarian cancer |
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Topoisomerase I inhibitor toxicities?
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-Hematologic- low blood counts
-Cardiac |
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How do Topoisomerase I inhibitors work?
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Topoisomerases are essential enzymes that maintain the topology of DNA. Inhibition of topoisomerases interferes with both transcritpoin and replication of DNA by upsetting proper DNA supercoiling
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Side effects of Topoisomerase I inhibitors.
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-nausea and vomiting
-alopecia -mucositis -skin rash -fever -neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia -constipation |
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Anti-microtubule/plant alkaloids are used for what types of cancers?
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-Testicular
-ALL -lung-small cell -breast |
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Anti-microtubule/plant alkaloids toxicities?
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-hematologic/myelosuppresion
-neurologic -alopecia -mucositis |
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How do Anti-microtubule/plant alkaloids work?
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-block cell division by preventing microtubule function. Microtubules are vital for cell division and without them it cannot occur.
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Antitumor antibodies are used to treat what kind of cancers?
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-lymphoma
-leukemia -GI |
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Antitumor antibodies toxicity?
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-allergy to cell
-Bleomycin-lung -Dosorubicin-Cardiac (risk of CHF-congestive heart failure with high doses) |
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Antitumor antibodies side effects?
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-total alopecia
-skin changes -nausea and vomiting |
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How do antitumor antibodies work?
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-binding to DNA through intercalation between two adjacent nucleotide bases making it unable to separate
-inhibiting RNA preventing enzyme synthesis -interfering with cell replication |
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Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFR inhibitors)-how do they work?
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interferes with Epidermal Growth Factor production in cancer cells
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What is immunotherapy?
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a treatment that uses certain parts of the immune system to fight disease
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types of immunotherapy
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-cancer vaccines
-monoclonal antibody -nonspecific immunotherapies -radioimmunotherapy |
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What is a cancer vaccine?
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a cancer vaccine contains cancer cells, parts of cells, or pure antigens
-the vaccine increases the immune response against cancer cells that are already present in the body |
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Monoclonal antibodies: Rituxan (rituxanmab)
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antibody to the CD20 cell surface antigen (found in lymphomas)
CD20 is on B cells. Antibody turns off cell cycle when it binds CD20 |
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Monoclonal antibodies: Herceptin (trastuzamab)
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Antibody to epidermal receptor on cell surface made of abnormal Her2new gene (breast cancer); antibody turns off cell cycle when it binds to epidermal receptor
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Hormone therapy for breast cancer
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Tamoxifen-selective estrogen receptor modulators
Aromatase inhibitors-Arimidex, Femara |
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Hormone therapy for prostate cancer?
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-lupron
-zoladex -flutamide -casodex -DES -these drugs eliminate testosterone, which can stimulate prostate cancer cell growth |
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Side effects of chemo
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nausea/vomiting
anorexia constipation anxiety sleep disturbances mucositis incontinence alopecia fatigue taste alterations diarrhea skin breakdown menopusal symptoms pan dyspnea myelosuppression |
