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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the most abundant element in the body is "O". what is this ?
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Oxygen
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how many electrons , protons + neutrons are in an element with atomic # equal to 17 + mass number equal to 35?
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protons: 17 + neutron: 18 electron : 17
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how many energy levels or shells contain electrons i nthis element? atomic mass: 17+ mass # 35
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3 first shell with 2/2nd are 8 and 3d is 7
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what are isotopes
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has same # of proton + electron but has different # of neutron. means different atomic weight than other atoms
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SOME important ions in the body
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CA/Na/K/H/OH/CL/FE/CL-/HCO3
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what type of chemicalbond is formed when 2 elements share 1 or more pairs of electrons?
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covalent bonds
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Hydrogen bonds between covalent molecules of water are an ex. if what type of chemical bonds
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intermolecular bonds
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identify the elements in a molecule of sodium bicarbonate:
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sodium+hydrogen+carbon+oxygeb
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an atom is the smallest unit of an element.whats the smallest unit of a compund?
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molecule
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what element acount for 2 thirds of the weight of human body.why it is important?
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water. it's important because is a good solvent/it breaks down molecules by hidrolysis/it can absorb + transport large quantities of heat without dramatic changes
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what happens whe a person has fever
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reaction rates in body increases like : pulse rate or respiratory rate.in certain surgeries body is cooled , so metabolism decrease during procedure.
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how body adjust teh hydrogen ions concentration in the blood?
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by altering breathing rate.if more hydrogen ions are needed, the breathing rate decreases, which increases the amount of CO2 in body fluis.if Hydr.are high, breathing rates drecreases too
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chemical equation:ch4+202--> C02+2H20. how many atoms of O are present in reactants?/how many in products?
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4 of O in reactants + 4 in products
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during digestion a molecule of sucrose forms the simpler molecules of glucose + fructose.what type of reaction is this?
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decomposition reaction
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charcoal briquettes burn rather slowly, but coal dust can be explosive. why?
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coal dust has greater surface area which is the reason for has faster reaction rate.
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what are elctrocardiogram and electroencephalograms
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are graphic tracings of electrical currents created by electrolytes in heart and brain respectively
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how the acid balance is regulated in human body
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is regulated by chemical buffer systems, lungs + kidneys
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black coffee is acid. Is its pH greater or less than 7.0?
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lesser
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many of the foods we eat are acids, yet the pH of body fluids remains relatively constant. why?
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acids are neutralized by buffers in body
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what happens when blood sugar (glucose) levels decline?
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stored glycogen is broken down by hydrolysis into its component glucose units to restore blood glucose levels to normal.
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what elements are present in a carbohydrate?
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C+H+O
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name 3 hexose molecules
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glucose+fructose+galactose
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name 3 dissacharides and the hexose components of each
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sucrose+maltose+lactose are dissacharides/ glucose+ fructose form sucrose/ 2 glucose molecule form maltose/ glucose+galactose form lactose.
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some commom amino acids?
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Leu leucine/ Phe Phenylalanine/Trp tryptophan / Val valine/His histidine
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list at least 4 functions of protein in body
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forming structural components of cell+tissues/acting as antibodies in fight against disease/assisting in muscle contraction/acting as body antigens+ receptor sites on cell membr./forming enzymes
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what are the building blocks of proteins and what elements do they contain?
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amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Contain: C-H-O-Nitrogen- usually sulfur and often Phosphorus
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carbohydrates + lipids contain C -H-O. what's the difference in chemical content between these 2 classes of organic compund s?
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lipids has lower oxygen content than carbohydrate
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what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
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bonds between C atoms in a saturated fatty acid are all single covalent bonds; in an unsaturated fatty acid, 1 or more of the bonds are double covalent bonds.
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analysis of a given nucleic acid reveals cytosine, uracil adenine+ guanine. Is this nucleic acid DNA or RNA
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RNA
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analysis if an organic compund shows it contains only C,H and small amount of O. Is this compound likely to be carbohydrate, protein, lipid or nucleic acid?
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Lipid because Carbohydrates have higher O content, proteins contain nitrogen + nucleic acids contain phosphates + nitrogenous bases
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