Chemistry Vocabulary

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The law of conservation of energy

Back 1

energy cannot be created or destroyed,

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Energy

Back 2

The ability to do work

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Kinetic energy

Back 3

The mass of an object can be measured in kilograms (kg) and velocity of the object in meters per second(m/s).

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Potential energy

Back 4

protons and electrons go from a structure of higher potential energy to lower potential energy.

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Joule

Back 5

A unit of energy in the SI system.

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Calorie

Back 6

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C. 1 calorie = 4.184 joules.

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Work

Back 7

Work, heat and energy

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Endothermic

Back 8

a chemical reaction that is accompanied by the absorption of heat, or an organism that generates heat to maintain its temperature

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Heat

Back 9

A form of energy that flows between two samples of matter

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Specific heat

Back 10

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius

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Temperature

Back 11

A measure of the intensity of heat,

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Accuracy

Back 12

The accuracy of a measurement is how close a result comes to the true value

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Precision

Back 13

cision refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other.

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The law of definite proportion

Back 14

a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.

Front 15

The law of multiple proportions

Back 15

when two elements combine in more than one proportion to form two or more compounds the weights of one element that combine with a given weight of the other element are in the ratios of small whole numbers.

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Enthalpy

Back 16

the change in enthalpy is the amount of energy absorbed by the reaction

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Entropy

Back 17

The entropy of a reaction is calculated by comparing the disorder of the products and reactants.

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Catalysts

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A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not consumed by the reaction;

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enzyme

Back 19

A protein molecule that helps other organic molecules enter into chemical reactions with one another but is itself unaffected by these reactions.

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Sublimation

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Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase

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Solidification

Back 21

Process of a liquid into a solid

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Melting point

Back 22

the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium at a specified pressure

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Freezing point

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The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid; the same temperature as the melting point

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Isothermal

Back 24

Changes the phase of a substance wothout changing the temperature of thr substance

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Boiling point

Back 25

Is the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas

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Condensation

Back 26

Process a gas becoming a liquid

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Deposition

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The direct solidification of a vapor by cooling; the reverse of sublimation.

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Evaporation

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The formation of a gas from a liquid at temperatures at below a boiling point

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Vapor

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A gas formed by boiling or evaporating a liquid.

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Surface tension

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Is an affect coused by an impalance of forces on the atoms at the surface of a liquid

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Adhesion

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The attractive forces of unlike moleuclws

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Cohesion

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The acctractive forces that exist betwee like molecules

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Capillary action

Back 33

The assention of liquids through slim tube cylinder or permable substances due to a adhesion and cohension forces in teractacins between the liquid and surface

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Meniscus

Back 34

The concave suface of a liquid resulting from sufave tension. The measurment by the Bottom of the meniscuse is used to mesure the volume of liquid

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Solvent

Back 35

Major substance into which another substance is dissolved forminga solution

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Solute

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Minor substance dissoved into another substance usually the component of a solution presnet in the lesser amount

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Concentration

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Difines how much solute is dissolved in a given amount of solvent

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Dilute

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Add solvant

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Solubility

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The maximum amount of solute that can be be dissolved in a given amount of solvent

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Molarity

Back 40

moles of solute liter of solution.

Or

moles of solute

_________________

l of solution

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Solution

Back 41

homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.

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Suspension

Back 42

A heterogeneous mixtures of two or more where the solid particles will eventually settle out

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Colloid

Back 43

A substance in which ones substance of miroscopically dispersed in soluble particles is suspended throughout another substance

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Chromatography

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A process a chemical mixture is seperated intp its compounds by passing it through a stationary phase

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Miscible

Back 45

Capabale of being mixted

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Surfactants

Back 46

are compounds that lower the surface tension

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emulsions

Back 47

is mixture of two liquids that would not normally mix.