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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
alpha particle
|
two protons and two neutrons bound together and emitted from
the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay |
|
beta particle
|
an electron emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of
radioactive decay |
|
daughter nuclide
|
a nuclide produced by the decay of a parent nuclide
|
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decay series
|
a series of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide is reached
|
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electron capture
|
the process in which an inner orbital electron is captured by
the nucleus of its own atom |
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nuclear fission
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a process in which a very heavy nucleus splits into more-stable
nuclei of intermediate mass |
|
nuclear fusion
|
the combining of light-mass nuclei to form a heavier, more
stable nucleus |
|
hypothesis
|
a testable statement
|
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scientific method
|
a logical approach to solving problems by observing and
collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data |
|
system
|
a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been
selected for study during an experiment or observation |
|
theory
|
a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena
|
|
model
|
an explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are
related |
|
conversion factor
|
a ratio derived from the equality between two different units
that can be used to convert from one unit to the other |
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derived unit
|
a unit that is a combination of SI base units
|
|
SI
|
(Le Système International d’Unités) the measurement system accepted
worldwide |
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weight
|
a measure of the gravitational pull on matter
|
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density
|
the ratio of mass to volume or mass divided by volume
|
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quantity
|
something that has magnitude, size, or amount
|
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volume
|
the amount of space occupied by an object
|
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accuracy
|
the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the
quantity measured |
|
directly proportional
|
two quantities that give a constant value when one is divided
by the other |
|
indirectly proportional
|
two quantities that have a constant mathematical
product |
|
precision
|
the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in
the same way |
|
significant figure
|
any digit in a measurement that is known with certainty plus
one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or is estimated |
|
percent error
|
a value calculated by subtracting the experimental value from the
accepted value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100 |
|
scientific notation
|
numbers written in the form M ×10n where the factor M is a
number greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10 and n is a whole number |