Chemistry: Unit 2 Vocab (Ami Richer)

Front 1

Science

Back 1

all the human efforts put forth to achieve a systematic understanding of the physical universe through disciplined inquiry

Front 2

Chemistry

Back 2

the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes they undergo

Front 3

Chemical

Back 3

any substance that has a definite composition

Front 4

Organic Chemistry

Back 4

study of most carbon-containing compounds

Front 5

Inorganic Chemistry

Back 5

study of all substances containing elements other than carbon (anything not classified as organic)

Front 6

Physical Chemistry

Back 6

study of properties transformations and relationships between energy & matter

Front 7

Biochemistry

Back 7

study of all substances and processes that occur in living things

Front 8

Analytical Chemistry

Back 8

the identification of substances and the qualitative & quantitative determination of the composition of materials

Front 9

Theoretical Chemistry

Back 9

the use of mathematics & computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design & predict the properties of new compounds

Front 10

Basic Research

Back 10

carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge

Front 11

Applied Research

Back 11

carried out to solve a problem

Front 12

Technological Development

Back 12

carried out to make products that will improve the quality of our lives

Front 13

Goal of Scientific Investigation

Back 13

to explain & predict natural phenomena

Front 14

Scientific Method

Back 14

a logical approach to the solution of problems that lend themselves to investigations by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, and testing and formulating theories that are supported by data

Front 15

Observing

Back 15

using your senses to get information

Front 16

Data

Back 16

all the information gathered

Front 17

Experiment

Back 17

carrying out a procedure under controlled conditions to make the observations and collect data

Front 18

System

Back 18

a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation

Front 19

Generalizations

Back 19

statements that apply to a range of information

Front 20

Model

Back 20

can be a physical object or is often an explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related

Front 21

Theory

Back 21

a broad generalization that explains a body of known facts or phenomena

Front 22

Law

Back 22

a generalization known over the world that describes a wide variety of behaviors in nature

Front 23

Law

Back 23

can be expressed by mathematical equations or concise statements

Front 24

Matter

Back 24

anything that has mass and occupies space

Front 25

Mass

Back 25

a measure of the quantity of something; the measure of the amount of matter

Front 26

Weight

Back 26

a measure of the earth's gravitational attraction for something

Front 27

Inertia

Back 27

the resistance to change in motion

Front 28

Inertia

Back 28

is directly proportional to the amount of matter that has to be moved

Front 29

Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 29

matter cannot be either created or destroyed in ordinary chemical or physical changes

Front 30

Energy

Back 30

the ability to cause change or ability to do work

Front 31

Kinetic Energy

Back 31

the energy of an object in motion

Front 32

Potential Energy

Back 32

the energy that an object has because of its position or composition (stored energy)

Front 33

Law of Conservation of Energy

Back 33

energy can be converted from one form to another but it cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical or physical changes

Front 34

Solids

Back 34

definite shape and volume

Front 35

Liquids

Back 35

definite volume & has ability to flow to take the shape of the container (indefinite shape)

Front 36

Gases

Back 36

NO definite shape or volume

Front 37

Plasma

Back 37

a high temperature physical state where atoms lose their electrons; so its a gaseous system of positively charged particles & negatively charged electrons

Front 38

Property

Back 38

characteristics that enables us to distinguish one kind of matter from another

Front 39

Extensive property

Back 39

depends on the amount of matter present

Front 40

Intensive property

Back 40

does not depend on the amount of matter

Front 41

Physical Property

Back 41

can be observed or measured without altering the identity of the material

Front 42

Physical Change

Back 42

any change in a property of matter that does not result in a change in identity

Front 43

Chemical Property

Back 43

refers to the ability of a substance to undergo a change that alters its identity

Front 44

Chemical Change (Reaction)

Back 44

any change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances with different characteristic properties

Front 45

Reactant

Back 45

substance(s) that undergo a chemical change

Front 46

Product

Back 46

new substance(s) produced by a chemical reaction

Front 47

Exothermic Rxn

Back 47

a process releasing heat

Front 48

Endothermic Rxn

Back 48

a process absorbing heat

Front 49

Mixtures

Back 49

a combination of two or more kinds of matter each of which retains its own composition and properties

Front 50

Heterogeneous mixture

Back 50

the composition (and so properties) are not uniform - it differs from point to point in the mixture

Front 51

Homogeneous mixture (solution)

Back 51

the composition (and so properties) are uniform throughout

Front 52

Pure Substance

Back 52

a homogeneous sample of matter that has a fixed composition and properties

Front 53

Element

Back 53

a pure substance that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical changes and is only made up of one kind of atom

Front 54

Atom

Back 54

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

Front 55

Compound

Back 55

a pure substance that can be decomposed into two or more simpler substances by a chemical change

Front 56

Law of Definite Composition

Back 56

a chemical compound contains the same element in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound