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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Delocalised electrons |
Electrons which are shared between two or more atoms. |
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Addition reaction |
A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule. |
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Substitution reaction |
A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom of group of atoms. |
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Electrophile |
An atom that is attracted to an electron-rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. |
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Electrophilic substitution |
A type of substitution reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron-rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. |
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Reaction mechanism |
A series of steps that, together, make up the overall reaction. |
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Curly arrow |
A symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of covalent bonds. |
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Functional group |
The part of an organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions. |
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Electronegativity |
A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond. |
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Redox reaction |
A reaction in which both reduction and oxidation take place. |
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Reflux |
The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry. |
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Nucleophile |
An atom which is attracted to an electron-deficient centre, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. |
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Esterfication |
The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water. |
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Hydrolysis |
A reaction with water or hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds. |
