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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How many elements are known? How many are natural?
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There are 114 known elements of which 90 are natural and 24 artificial.
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Who published the modern periodic table? The one we use today.
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Dmitri Mendeleev. A Russian chemist.
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How is the Periodic table laid out?
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It's laid out in 7 horizontal rows called periods, and 18 vertical columns called groups.
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A period can also stand for?
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A principal quantum number, 1=n1; 2=n2 etc...
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What elements do period 1 have?
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Period 1 has two elements H and He.
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How many elements do period 2 & 3 have?
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They have 8 elements each.
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How many elements do period 4 & 5 have?
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They have 18 elements each.
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How many elements do period 6 have?
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32 elements.
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How many elements do period 7 have?
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Period 7 is incomplete and have 28 elements.
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What's special about groups?
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Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
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What is group 1 & 2 called? What orbital gets filled here?
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They're called 1A and 2A, the s-orbital gets filled.
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What is group 13 - 18 called? What orbital gets filled here?
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They're called 3A - 8A, these have the p-orbital filled.
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What are group 1A - 8A called?
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Main group.
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What is group 3-7 called? What orbital gets filled here?
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They're called 3b - 7b, the d-orbital gets filled.
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What are group 8,9 and 10 called? What orbital gets filled here?
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They're together called 8b, the d-orbital gets filled.
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What are group 11 & 12 called? What orbital gets filled here?
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They're called 1b and 2b, the d-orbital gets filled.
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What are group 1b - 8b called?
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They're called transition metal group.
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3d orbit is filled after ____.
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The 4s orbital is filled.
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What are the two lower groups called?
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Transition groups.
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What is group Ce-Lu called?
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Lanthanides group.
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What is group Th-L.r called?
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Actinides group.
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What orbital do lanthanides and actinides group have filled?
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The f-orbital.
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When does the f-orbital start to get filled?
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After the 5d orbital is filled.
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Describe group 1A.
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-Group 1A is also called, alkali metal group.
-The elements in this group are shiny soft metals that react rapidly to water and form alkaline products. -Can't find them in pure state in the nature. -ns1 |
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What elements form group 1A?
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-Consist of, Lithium(Li), Sodium(Na), Potassium(k), Rubidium(Rb), Caesium(Cs), & Francium(Fr).
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Describe group 2A.
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-This group is also called alkaline earth metal.
-Lustrous, silvery, less reactive than group 1A, can't be found pure in nature. -ns2 |
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What elements form group 2A?
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Beryllium(Be), Magnesium(Mg), Calcium(Ca), Strontium(Sr), Barium(Br) & Radium (Ra).
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Describe group 3A.
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-All metals, except for Boron, which is a half metal, they're all soft and silvery in appearance, good heat and electric conductors.
- ns3np1 |
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What elements form group 3A?
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Boron(B), Aluminium(Al), Gallium(Ga), Indium(In) & Thallium(Tl).
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What elements form group 4A? And whats its orbital signature?
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Carbon(c), Silicon(Si), Germanium(Ge), Tin(Su) & Lead(Pb).
-ns2np2 |
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What elements form group 5A? And whats its orbital signature?
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Nitrogen(N), Phosphorus(P), Arsenic(As), Antimony(Sb) & Bismuth(Bi).
-ns2np3 |
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What elements form group 6A? And whats its orbital signature?
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Oxugen(O), Sulfur(S), Selenium(Se), Tellunium(Te) & Polonium(Po).
- ns2np4 |
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What elements form group 7A?
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Fluorine(F), Chlorine(Cl), Bromine(Br), Iodine(I) & Astatine(At).
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Describe group 7A.
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-Also called Halogens.
- ns2np5 |
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What elements form group 8A?
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Helium(He), Neon(Ne), Argon(Ar), Krypton(Kr), Xenon(Xe) & Radon(Rn).
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Describe group 8A.
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-Also called Nobel Gases.
-ns2np6 -Gases with very low reactivity because the outermost shell is full. |
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The periodic table can be divided into three major classes, name them.
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Metals, non-metals and semi-metals.
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What is 'Zett'?
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It's the nuclear attraction charge felt by an electron from nucleus.
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What's a screening electron?
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An electron that is close to the nucleus.
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When does 'Zett' decrease?
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When the screening electron increase.
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When does the effective nuclear charge decrease?
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When the average number of screening electrons increase.
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What's Ionization energy?
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- (Ei)
- Amount of energy necessary to remove an electron from an isolated neutral atom in gaseous state, it is always positive since energy is absorbed. |
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What has the highest Ionization energy?
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Noble gases, because electrons are held tightly to the nucleus.
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How does the Ionization energy increase?
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From bottom left to the top right.
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What is electron affinity?
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- (Eea)
- It's the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to an isolated atom in gaseous state, most likely negative because energy is released. |
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What happens when a neutral atom gains an electron?
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The atom becomes negative and releases energy.
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What happens when a neutral atom looses an electron?
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It becomes positive and absorbs energy.
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What group has the mos negativet electron affinity?
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Group 7 the Halogens because they have a room in their valence shell for an additional electron.
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What group has the lowest electron affinity?
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Group 2 and group 8.
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What is atomic radius?
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It's half the distance between the two nuclei of two identical atoms when they're bound together.
Higher nuclear charge = less atomic radius. |
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How does atomic radius increase in the periodic table?
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It increases from the top right corner to the lower left corner.
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What is Electronegativity?
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- (En)
-It's the ability a atom has of attracting the electrons of another atom. -Only accountable for ion and covalent bonds. |