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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Radioactivity
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The spontaneous emission of particles of energy from an atom's nucleus.
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Types of raditation emitted by atoms of radioactive atoms elements
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alpha - positive charge
beta - negative charge gamma - neutral |
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Laws of Electrostatics
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Like charges repel
Unlike (Opposite) charges attract |
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Coulomb
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SI (metric) unit of charge
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thompson's finding
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found sub-atomic particles and calculated mass-to-charge ratio
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How is the atomic mass unit (amu) defined
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In terms of the carbon atom, which
is defined as having a mass of exactly 12 atomic mass units. In terms of macroscale mass units, 1 atomic mass unit = 1-66054 X 10^-24g. |
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atomic number
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Number of protons in an atom
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atomic structure
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the identity and arrangement of
subatomic particles in the atom |
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atomic weight
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the average mass of a representative sample of atoms of the element (i.e. all isotopes), expressed in atomic mass units
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Avogadro's number
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6.02 x 10^23 - # of atoms/molecules in a mole.
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law of chemical periodicity
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The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers (numbers of protons).
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electron
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negatively charged sub-atomic particle
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groups
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Elements in the periodic table that are arranged in vertical columns according to atomic number, with similar chemical properties
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halogens
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Group 7A - Diatomic molecules and are highly reactive. The group name, halogens, comes from the Greek words bins, meaning "salt," and genes, meaning "forming ." The halogens all form salts-compounds similar to
sodium chloride (NaCl) |
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salt
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Compound of a Metal and a non-metal
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alkaline earth metals
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Elements in Group
2A, known as alkaline earth metals, are extracted from minerals (earths) and also produce alkaline aqueous solutions (except beryllium) . |
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alkaline metals
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Elements in Group 1A are called alkali metals (except hydrogen) because their aqueous solutions are alkaline (basic)
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ion
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charged atom, or similarly
charged group of atoms |
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proton
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the fundamental positively charged particles of atomic structure
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nucleus
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atomic core
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neutron
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neutral subatomic particle
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mass
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measure of the quantity of matter
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metric system
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the officially recognized measurement system of science, which uses a base-10 system
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isotope
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atoms with the same atomic number (protons) but different mass numbers (neutrons)
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mass number
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mass of an atom/molecule. protons + neutrons
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mole
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the amount of substance that contains as many atoms, molecules, ions, or other nanoscale units as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12 .
One mole always contains the same number of particles. The number of particles in a mole is I mol = 6 .02214199 X 10^23 particles |
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molar mass
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the mass, in grams, of one mole of a substance
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period
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The horizontal rows of the periodic table
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transition elements
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(transition metals) fill the middle of the
periodic table in Periods 4 through 7 |
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noble gases
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at the far right of the periodic table are the least reactive elements
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percent abundance
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The proportion of atoms of each isotope in a natural sample of an element
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significant figures
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The digits of a number that carry meaning contributing to its accuracy
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Millikan's finding
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Used oil droplet experiment to find mass of electron
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Rutherford's finding
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"shot" alpha particles at gold foil and found that some passed through, some deflected and some bounced back, implying a small nucleus in the atom.
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