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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What bonds does oxygen and nitrogen havE?
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nitrogen- triple
oxygen-double |
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Are polar molecules asymmetrical or symmetrical?
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asymmetrical
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Is dipole polar or nonpolar molecule?
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polar
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Are non-polar molecules asymmetrical or symmetrical?
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symmetrical
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What are nonpolar molecules with polar bonds?
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two different nonmetals that are asymmetrical
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Why does metals conduct electricity?
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because they have mobile electrons
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How is metallic bonding sometimes described?
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positive ions in a sea of electrons
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Where do hydrogen bonds occur?
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between H and elements that have high electronegativity and am small nucleus (N, F, O)
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The high boiling point of water is due to
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hydrogen bonds
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When do Van der Waals forces become stronger?
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when molecule size increases, and distance between them decreases
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What part of an atom's structure seems to be largely responsible for its chemical properties?
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outer orbit, electrons
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What is ionic bonding?
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transfer of one or more electrons from metals to nonmetals
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What is covalent bonding?
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two atoms share electrons instead of transferring them
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When an ionic bond is formed between two atoms, each atom usually attains an outer shell arrangement similar to what group of elements?
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Group 18
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What is an ion?
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an atom which has gained or lost one or more of its valence electrons
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What is energy?
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potential energy is stored in molecules and released in the form of chemical energy
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When a chemical bond is formed, energy is
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released
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The more energy given off when a bond is formed
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the more stable the bond is
General Rule: As energy is released, the stability of the system increases |
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What is chemical bond?
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simultaneous attraction of electrons to two or more nuclei
-electron may be transferred or shared either equally or unequally between two atoms |
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Why do noble gases tend NOT to bond?
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because they have 8 valence electrons
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Ionic properties
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-Ionic solids often form crystal structures held in fixed positions
-When melted or dissolved in water, the crystal structure is destroyed and the ions flow freely, this free movements allows for electrical conductivity |
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What are molecular substances?
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substances that contain covalent bonds are known as molecular substance and each particle is called a molecule
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The greater the difference of electronegativity the (more, less) polar a bond is
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more
HF- most out of other hydrogen bonds |
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The element that has a higher electronegativity is
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the negative pole
*Opposite: the element that has a lower electronegativity is the positve pole **known as dipole |
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Metallic bonding occurs between atoms of metals
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that have low ionization energies
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Network solids (covalent)
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-exception to softness
-examples: diamond, silicon dioxide, sand |
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What substances have the highest melting/boiling point?
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-metallic
-then ionic -covalent the least |
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Is CO2 (carbon dioxide) polar in the intramolecular or the intermolecular?
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Intramolecular- polar
Intermolecular- non-polar |
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All diatomic particles are non polar for both
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intermolecular and intramolecular
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What physical properties are affected by intermolecular forces?
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surface tension, solubility, melting and boiling points
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What is a dipole?
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-is the asymmetrical distribution of electrical charge in a molecule
-In a dipole, one end of the molecule is more negative than another |
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The hydrogen bonding in water causes a (low/high) vapor pressure and (low/high) boiling point?
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low vapor pressure
high boiling point |
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Molecular-ion attractions are present in
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aqueous solutions
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Water molecules
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are polar with polar covalent bonds
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