Chemistry Test 1 Chs. 1-3

Front 1

-chemistry is the study of _ and the _ it undergoes
-matter is anything that occupies _ and has _
-a SUBSTANCE is a form of _ that has a _ _ and distinct _

Back 1

-matter; changes
-space; mass
-definite composition; distinct properties

Front 2

-the SCIENTIFIC METHOD is a systematic method for _ _ and _ the _
4 steps:

Back 2

-discovering truth; predicting; future
1.Observations
2.Empirical Law (Hypothesis)
3.Theory (Law)
4.Fundamental Laws of Nature

Front 3

-there is no _ _ that the scientific method is better than any other method
-if any method will work (if the laws governing the universe are consistent), then the _ _ will work

Back 3

-logical proof
-scientific method

Front 4

-a mixture is a _ of _ or more substances in which the substances retain their _ _
2 types of mixtures:
-what kind of mixture depends on how _ the substances within them _

Back 4

-combination; 2; distinct identities
1.Homogenous mixture
2.Heterogeneous mixture
-uniformly; mix

Front 5

-HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE composition of the mixture that is the _ _
-examples would be _ _, _, _ _, _ _, & _ (5)

Back 5

same throughout
1.Sweet Tea
2.Air
3.Salt Water
4.Metal Alloys
5.Milk

Front 6

-heterogeneous mixture is when the composition is _ _ _
3 examples:

Back 6

-not uniform throughout
1.Cement
2.Blood
3.Iron fillings in SAND

Front 7

-wet sand is a good example of a _ _ because the composition _ from one region to another
-physical means can be used to _ a _ into its _ _

Back 7

-heterogeneous; varies;
-separate; mixture; pure components

Front 8

-an element cannot be separated into _ substances by _ _
-_ elements have been identified
-_ elements occur naturally on earth
-_ elements have been created by scientists

Back 8

-simpler; chemical means
-113
-82
-31

Front 9

ELEMENTS N SYMBOLS:
-lead symbol _
-Barium symbol _
-Arsenic symbol _
-Bismuth symbol _

Back 9

-Pb
-Ba
-As
-Bi

Front 10

ELEMENTS AND THEIR SYMBOLS:
-Bromine symbol _
-Chromium symbol _
-Cobalt symbol _
-Copper symbol _
-Iodine _
-Iron _

Back 10

-Br
-Cr
-Co
-Cu
-I
-Fe

Front 11

ELEMENTS N SYMBOLS:
-F stands for _
-Mn stands for _
-Mercury _
-Nickel is _
-Phosphorus _

Back 11

-Fluorine
-Manganese
-Hg
-Ni
-P

Front 12

ELEMENTS N SYMBOLS:
-Platinum _
-Silver _
-Sodium _
-Tin _
-W stands for _
-Zinc _
-Silicon _

Back 12

-Pi
-Ag
-Na
-Sn
-Tungsten
-Zn
-Si

Front 13

-Compounds can only be separated into their pure components (_) by _ _
-3 examples of compounds n their formulas:

Back 13

-(elements); chemical means
1.Water= H2O
2.Glucose=C6H12O6
3.Ammonia=NH3

Front 14

-matter can be _ or _ _
-pure substances can be _ or _
-SI Unit of Mass is _
-weight is the force that _ exerts on an _
-weight is = _ (_) x _

Back 14

-mixtures; pure substances
-compounds;elements
- kg
-gravity; object
-c (gravity) x mass

Front 15

-Kg=_g
-SI derived unit for volume is _ _ (_)
-1 cm3= how many cubic meters?
-1 dm3= how many cubic meters?

Back 15

-1000 g
-cubic meter (m3)
-1 x 10-6 m3
-1 x 10-3

Front 16

-1 L = _mL= _ cm3= _dm3
-1mL= _ cm3
-SI derived unit for density is _

Back 16

-1000; 1000; 1
-1
-kg/m3

Front 17

-DENISTY=
-to get kelvin temperature simply add _ to the Celsius temperature
-°F=_x (_+_) (to convert to Celsius)
-°C=

Back 17

-m/v
-273
-9/5 x °C + 32
-5/9 x (°F-32)

Front 18

-number of atoms in 12g of C is :
-in scientific notation, if move demical to the left <--- then then its a _ _
-if move decimal to the right --> then a _ _

Back 18

-6.022 x 10^23
-positive power (10^23)
-negative power (10^-23)

Front 19

MULTIPLICATION
-_ powers
-(4.0x10^-5)x(7.0x10^3)=
DIVISION
-_ powers
-8.5x10^4÷5.0x10^9=

Back 19

-add
-2.8x10^-2
-subtract
-1.7x10^-5

Front 20

-accuracy is how close a measurement is to the _ _
-precision how close a set of measurements are to _ _

Back 20

-true value
-each other

Front 21

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
-any digit that is not _ is significant
-1.234 has _ significant figures
-zeros _ _ nonzero digits are significant
-606 has _ significant figures

Back 21

-zero
-4
-in between
-3

Front 22

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
-Zeros to the _ of the first nonzero digit are NOT significant
-0.08 has _ significant figures
-if the number is _ than 1, then all the zeros to the _ of the decimal are significant
-2.0 has _ significant figures

Back 22

-left
-1
-1; right
-2

Front 23

-if a number is less than 1, then only the zeros that are at the _ n in the _ of the number are significant
-0.00420g has _ significant figures

Back 23

-end; middle
-3

Front 24

How many significant figures are in the following measurements:
-24 mL
-3001 g
-0.0320 m3
-6.4 x 10^4 molecules
-560kg

Back 24

-2
-4
-3
-2
-3

Front 25

-in addition n subtraction, the answer cannot have more digits to the _ of the decimal point than any of the _ _
-89.332 + 1.1= (w/ right number of sig figures)

Back 25

-right; original numbers
-90.4

Front 26

-in multiplication n division the # of significant figures in the result is set by the original # that has the _ # of significant figures

Back 26

-smallest

Front 27

-1 mile= _ meters (m)
-1 min = _ secs
-1 hours= _ min

Back 27

-1609
-60
-60

Front 28

-molecular formula shows the _ _ of atoms of each element in the _ unit of the substance
-empirical formula shows the _-_ _ of the atoms in a substance

Back 28

-exact number; smallest
-whole-number ratio

Front 29

-C6H12O8 is the _ formula while CH2O is the _ formula
-O is the _ while O2 is the _
-N2H4 is the _ while NH2 is the _

Back 29

-molecular; empirical
-empirical; molecular
-molecular; empirical

Front 30

IONIC COMPUNDS
-ionic compounds consist of _ and _
-formula always the same as the _ formula
-the sum of the charges of the cations n anions in each formula unit MUST BE _
-all compounds are either _ or _

Back 30

-cations; anions
-empirical
-ZERO
-organic; inorganic

Front 31

-2 types of inorganic compounds:
-cations are _ and anions are _

Back 31

1.Ionic compounds
2.Molecular Compounds
-metals; nonmetals

Front 32

-when naming ionic compounds the last name is an _ (_) and you must add "-_" to the element name
Name the following ionic compounds:
-BaCl2
-K2O
-Mg(OH)2
-(NH4)3PO4

Back 32

-anion-nonmetal; -ide
-Barium Chloride
-potassium oxide
-magnesium hydroxide
-ammonium phosphate

Front 33

-transition metals in ionic compounds, indicate the _ on the metal with _ _
-FeCl2
-FeCl3
-CrS3

Back 33

-charge; roman numerals
-Iron (II) chloride
-iron(III) chloirde
-chromium(III) sulfide

Front 34

-Na2N (N3- and Na+1)=
-Aluminum + sulfur formula is _ and name is _ _
-Silver + Oxygen yields the formula _ and is named _ _
-Magnesium + Phosphorus yields the formula _ n named _ _

Back 34

-Na3N
-Al2S3; Aluminum sulfide
-Ag2O; Silver oxide
-Mg3P2; Magnesium phosphide

Front 35

-molecular compounds are adjoining of _ or _ with _
-element furtherest to the _ in the periodic table first in name
-element closest to the _ of the group first, if in same group
-last element ends in -_
-in molecular compounds, the number of atoms of each element is indicated in the _ of each name and with a _

Back 35

-nonmetals; nonmetals-metalloids
-left
-bottom
-ide
-beginning; prefix

Front 36

NAME THE FOLLOWING MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS:
-HI
-NF3
-SO2
-N2Cl4
-NO2
-N2O

Back 36

-hydrogen iodide
-nitrogen trifluoride
-sulfur dioxide
-dinitrogen tetrachloride
-nitrogen dioxide
-dinitrogen monoxide

Front 37

-an acid is a substance that yields _ _ (_) when dissolved in _
-strong acids _% _ in water
-the _ _, hydrogen chloride dissolved in water yields _ _

Back 37

-hydrogen ions (H+); water
-100% dissociate
-PURE SUBSTANCE; HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Front 38

-an oxoacid is an acid that contains _, _, and another element
-HNO3
-H2CO3
-H2SO4

Back 38

-hydrogen, oxygen
-nitric acid
-carbonic acid
-sulfuric acid (very strong)

Front 39

name the following anions and their corresponding acids:
-F
-Cl
-Br
-I
-CN
-S2-

Back 39

-Fluoride;HF; hydropfluoric acid
- Chloride;HCl; hydrochloric acid
-;bromide; HBr; hydrobromic acid
- iodide; HI; hydroiodic acid
-cyanide;HCN; hydrocyanic acid
-H2S; hydrosulfuric acid

Front 40

NAMING OXOACIDS N OXOANIONS
-NO2 is _ ion and HNO2 called _ _
-NO3 is _ ion and HNO3 called _ _
-SO3 (2- charge) is _ ion and H2SO3 called _ _
-SO4 (-2 charge) is _ ion and H2SO4 called _ _
-PO3 (-_ charge) is called a _ ion and H3PO3 called _ _
-PO4 (-_ charge) is _ ion and H3PO4 called _ _

Back 40

-nitrite; nitrous acid
-nitrate; nitric
-sulfite; sulfurous acid
-sulfate; sulfuric acid
-(-3); phosphite; phosphorus acid
-(-3); phosphate; phosphoric acid

Front 41

-oxoacids with 4 oxygen molecule have _-- before the name and -_ at the end (then acid, ex. _ _
-oxoacids with 3 oxygen molecules have the representative element end with -_ acid (ex. _ _)
-oxoacids with 2 Oxygen molecules have the element name end with --_ acid (ex. _ _)
-oxoacids with 1 oxygen molecule have _ before the representative element and end in -_ acid (ex. _ _)

Back 41

-per--ic; perchloric acid
-ic; chloric acid
-ous; chlorous acid
-hypo--ous; hypochlorous acid

Front 42

-hypo is the _ and per is the _
-once oxoacids give a H+ away they turn into _

Back 42

-least; most
-oxoanions

Front 43

-oxoanions with 4 O molecules begin wth _ and end in -_ (ex: _)

-oxoanions with 3 O molecules end in -_ (ex: _)

-oxo anions with 2 O molecules end in -_ (ex: _)

-oxoanions with 1 O molecule begin with _- and end with -_ (ex: _)

Back 43

-per--ate; perchlorate
-ate; chlorate
-ite; chlorite
-hypo--ite; hypochlorite

Front 44

-oxoanions either end in -_ or -_
-with 1 or 2 O molecules ends w -_
-for 3 or 4 O molecules ends w -_

Back 44

-ite; -ate
-ite
-ate

Front 45

-BASE is a substance that yields _ _ (_) when dissolved in water
-3 examples of bases:

Back 45

-hydroxide (OH-)
1.NaOH
2.KOH
3.Ba(OH)2

Front 46

Name the bases:
-NaOH
-KOH
-Ba(OH)2

Back 46

-Sodium hydroxide
-Potassium hydroxide
-barium hydroxide

Front 47

NAME THE FORMULA & SYSTEMATIC NAME FOR THE FOLLOWING:
-Water
-ammonia
-DRY ICE
-table salt
-laughing gas

Back 47

-H2O; dihydrogen monoxide
-NH3; trihydrogen nitride
-CO2; Solid carbon dioxide
-NaCl; Sodium Chloride
-N2O; dinitrogen monoxide

Front 48

NAME THE FORMULA & SYSTEMATIC NAME FOR THE FOLLOWING:
-marble,chalk,limestone:
-quicklime
-slaked lime
-baking soda
-washing soda

Back 48

-CaCO3; Calcium carbonate
-CaO; Calcium oxide
-Ca(OH)2; calcium hydroxide
-NaHCO3; Sodium hydrogen carbonate
-NaCO3*10H2O; sodium carbonate decahydrate
-

Front 49

-molecular mass is the sum of the _ _ (in _) in a molecule
-1S= _ amu
-SO2= _ amu
-1 molecule SO2=_ amu
-1 mole SO2= _ g SO2

Back 49

-atomic masses; amu
-32.07
-64.07
-64.07
-64.07

Front 50

D= _/_ (_/_)
-formula for the volume for a block=
-_ _ is the volume for a cube

Back 50

-m/v (g/ml)
-LxWxH
-e^3;

Front 51

-1cc= _mL
-1mL= _ L
-1 g= _ kg
-1 m= _ cm

Back 51

-1
-0.001
-0.001

Front 52

-electron mass=
-proton mass=
-electron mass=

Back 52

-9.10939 x 10^-28
-1.67262 x 10^-24
-1.67493 x 10^-24

Front 53

mass#= # of _ + # of _
-atomic #= number of _ in nucleus
-mass number on _ of atomic number in the element symbol

Back 53

-protons; neutrons
-protons
-top

Front 54

-Se stands for _
-CH4=

-PH3=
-SiH4=

Back 54

-selenium
-methane
-phosphine
-silane

Front 55

-use prefixes based on the number of atoms present in each element in the beginning of the name of molecular compounds:
-1=
-2=
-3=
-4=
-5=
-6=
-7=
-8=
-9=
-10=

Back 55

-mono
-di
-tri
-tetra
-penta
-hexa
-hepta
-octa
-nona
-deca

Front 56

-N2O5 is named _ _

Back 56

-dinitrogen PENTAOXIDE

Front 57

-CATIONS that make multiple ions are distinguished by _ _(Fe3+ named _)
-the mass number on the periodic table is the _ _ mass

Back 57

-Iron (III)
-average atomic

Front 58

-the mole is the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are _ in exacty _ _ of C12
-1 mol = N(subscript)=_

Back 58

-atoms; 12.00 grams
-6.022 x 10^23

Front 59

-1 C12 atom = _ amu
-1 mole of C12 atoms=
-atomic mass unit (amu)=

Back 59

-12amu
-12g 12C
-molar mass (grams)

Front 60

WHAT IS THE MASS OF 25 ATOMS OF ZINC (Zn)?
-first find _ _ of the element and _ it by _ (# of _)

Back 60

-mass number; multiply; 25; atoms

Front 61

what is the mass of 25.00 moles of zinc?
-multiply _ _ by number of _ (_ x _)
**molecular mass in units __

Back 61

-mass number; moles (25 x 65.39 g)
-g/mol

Front 62

percent composition formula:

Back 62

((n x molar mass of element)/molar mass of compound) X 100

Front 63

-NH4=
-Methane=

Back 63

-ammonium
-CH4

Front 64

GIVE THE NAME OF THE FORMULA:
-C2H3O2(-)
-CO3(2-)
-HCO3(-)
-OH(-)

Back 64

-Acetate
-carbonate
-hydrogen carbonate
-hydroxide

Front 65

GIVE THE NAME OF THE FORMULA:
-NO2(-)
-NO3(-)
-CrO4
-CrO7(2-)
-

Back 65

-Nitrite
-Nitrate
-Chromate
-dichromate

Front 66

GIVE THE NAME OF THE FORMULA:
-PO4(3-)
-HPO4(2-)
-H2PO4(-)
-NH4(+)

Back 66

-Phosphate
-Hydrogen phosphate
-dihydrogen phosphate
-ammonium

Front 67

GIVE THE NAME OF THE FORMULA:
-ClO(-)
-ClO2(-)
-ClO3(-)
-ClO4(-)

Back 67

-Hypochlorite
-Chlorite
-Chlorate
-Perchlorate

Front 68

GIVE THE NAME OF THE FORMULA:
-MnO4
-SO3(-2)
-HSO3(-)
-SO4(-2)
-HSO4(-)

Back 68

-Permanganate
-Sulfite
-Hydrogen sulfite
-Sulfate
-Hydrogen sulfate

Front 69

GIVE THE NAME OF THE FORMULA:
-CN(-)
-O2(2-)

Back 69

-CYANIDE
-PEROXIDE

Front 70

7 metals that form cations with different charges:

Back 70

1.Chromium
2.Copper
3.Cobalt
4.Iron
5.Tin
6.Mercury
7.Lead

Front 71

-chromium, iron, and cobalt all have either (_) or (_) roman numerals after the name

Back 71

-II;III

Front 72

-bases do not contain the number of _ in its _
-How much does one sucrose molecule weigh in grams? C12H22O11
1. find the _ _ of the compound
-this gives you the _ which is in __ units
2. then convert moles to _ which is done by this formula: _ _ x _/_
-the answer is:

Back 72

-atoms; name
-molar mass; moles; g/mol
-molar mass x 1 mol/ 6.022 x 10^23
-5.68×10−22

Front 73

mass percent=

Back 73

(mass of element/ mass of compound) X 100

Front 74

-molar mass of compound =
-roman numerals indicate the _ NOT the number of _

Back 74

(mass of given element/mass percent of given element) x 100
-charge; atoms

Front 75

-How many sulfur atoms are there in 3.1 of sulfur?

-how many atoms are in 2.069 moles of Zn?

Back 75

-1.9×10^24 atoms (moles x 6.022 x10^23)

-1.246x10^24 (2.069x6.022x10^23)

Front 76

How many atoms are in 0.551g of K?
-(_ _/_ _ )x _
-answer:

Back 76

-grams given/molar mass (moles) x 6.022x10^23
-8.49x10^21 atoms K

Front 77

How many moles are in 135.3g of Zn?
-1mol= _gZn
formula:

Back 77

-65.39g Zn
-grams given/molar mass(moles)

Front 78

-to get moles to molecules must multiply by _
-_ cm in inch (_ inches by _ to get cm)

Back 78

-6.022x10^23
-2.54; (multiply; 2.54)

Front 79

-whereas protagora concluded that all things are equally _, gorgias concluded all things were equally _ n that knowledge is _
-GORGIAS was a _, empohasized the power of the _ _

Back 79

-true; false ;n subjective
-sophist ; spoken word

Front 80

XENOPHANES attacked the veracity of _, before the _
-said religion was a _ _ which is why the gods were strangely like _ and even capable of evil
-XENOPHANES suggested there was a _ _ that possessed characteristics unlike those of any popular gods of the time

Back 80

-religion; Sophists
-human invention; humans
-supreme god

Front 81

-Socrates agreed with Sophists that _ _ was important, but disagreed that no _ exists beyond _ _

Back 81

-personal experience; truth; personal opinion

Front 82

-SOCRATES employed the method of _ definition
-which examines the _ of a concept, asks the question, what is it that all these _ have in _?
-also finds the _ of the instances of the concept
***seeks to find _ _ by examining _ _

Back 82

-inductive
-instances; instances; common
-essence
-general concepts; isolated instances

Front 83

-the _ was a universally accepted definition of a concept
-understanding essences constituted _ and the goal of life was to _ _
-socrates was sentenced to death at _ yrs old for _ the _ of the town _

Back 83

-essence
-knowledge; gain knowledge
-70; corrupting; youth; Athens

Front 84

-PLATO was a student of _ that was influenced by _
-had the theory of _ which said that everything in the _ world is inferior _ of its _ form which exists in the _
-experiences through our senses comes from the interaction of the _ _ with the _ of the empirical world n the result is an experience less than _

Back 84

-Socrates; pythagoreans
-forms; empirical; manifestation; pure; abstract;
-pure form; matter; perfect

Front 85

-plato thought true knowledge only attained through _ and _ thought regarding _
-the analogy of the _ _ is the description of plato's view of true _

Back 85

-reason; rational; forms
-divided line; knowledge;

Front 86

ANALOGY OF THE DIVIDED LINE
-plato divides the _ and our different _ of _ into points along the _ _
-people seeking knowledge only through sensory experience are doomed to _ or, at best, _
-_ is the lowest form of understanding
-dealing with an object _ better than imagining n contemplation of _ relationships better than both
-highest form of thinking involves _ the _
**** true knowledge n understanding only comes from _ and _ the _ _

Back 86

-world; states; mind; divided line;
-ignorance; opinion
-imagining
-directly; math
-embracing the forms
-embracing; understanding; abstract forms

Front 87

-the allegory of the cave demonstrates how difficult it is to deliver _ from _
-

Back 87

-humans; ignorance

Front 88

PLATO'S REMINISCENCE THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE:
-asks the question: how do we know the forms if they cannot be known through _ _?
-says that prior to coming into the _, the _dwelt in pure, complete _
--all knowledge is _ n can be attained only through _
- thus all knowledge comes only from _ of the experiences the _ had prior to entering the _

Back 88

-sensory experiences
-body; soul; knowledge
-innate; introspection;
-reminiscnece; soul; body

Front 89

-theorfore, Plato was a _ stressed _ operations to gain _ already in the _.
- cannot trust _ or _ world , rationalists believe true knowledge is in the _

Back 89

-rationalist; mental; knowledge; soul
-senses; empirical; mind