Chemistry Test 1

Front 1

Chemistry

Back 1

the study of materials, their composition and structure, and the changes they undergo.

Front 2

scientific method

Back 2

logical approach to the solution of problems that lend themselves to investigation
-state problem and make observations
-formulate hypothesis using observations
-perform many experiments and collect data
-form conclusion using data from experiments
-form theory or law

Front 3

quantitative

Back 3

includes numbers
--the bug had 5 dots

Front 4

qualitative

Back 4

includes descriptions
--the bug was red

Front 5

theory

Back 5

an explanation that has been supported by many experiments but is still subject to new experimental data and can change

Front 6

natural law

Back 6

state general behavior that occurs naturally and does not change

Front 7

Mass

Back 7

Kilogram (kg)

Front 8

Length

Back 8

Meter (m)

Front 9

Time

Back 9

Second (s)

Front 10

Amount of substance

Back 10

Mole (mol)

Front 11

Temperature

Back 11

Kelvin (K)

Front 12

Mega

Back 12

M 10^6

Front 13

Kilo

Back 13

k 10^3

Front 14

Deci

Back 14

d 10^-1

Front 15

Centi

Back 15

c 10^-2

Front 16

Milli

Back 16

m 10^-3

Front 17

Micro

Back 17

µ 10^-6

Front 18

Celcius to Kelvin

Back 18

K= ºC=273

Front 19

Celcius to Fahrenheit

Back 19

ºF= (1.8 ºC)+32

Front 20

Density

Back 20

d=m/v
(g/mL)

Front 21

Accuracy

Back 21

how close a measured value is to an accepted or ture value

Front 22

Precision

Back 22

how close a series of measurments are to one another

Front 23

Percent Error

Back 23

accepted - experimental value
% error= --------------------------
accepted

Front 24

gas

Back 24

indefinite shape and indefinite volume
most amount of energy
fills its container

Front 25

liquid

Back 25

indefinite shape and definite volume
particles are free to move

Front 26

solid

Back 26

definite shape and definite volume
particles are in fixed vibrating position

Front 27

physical properties

Back 27

describe appearance of matter
--state, color, volume, odor, taste, hardness, density, solubility, and melting/boiling point

Front 28

extensive properties

Back 28

depend on amount of substance present
--mass, length and volume

Front 29

intensive properties

Back 29

independant of amound of substance present
--density, color, temperature, hardness, pressure, molecular weight, and boiling/melting point.

Front 30

physical changes

Back 30

the form changes but not the identity
--bend, crumple, split, crush, boil, freeze, condense, vaporize, or melt

Front 31

solid --> liquid

Back 31

melting

Front 32

liquid --> solid

Back 32

freezing

Front 33

liquid --> gas

Back 33

evaporation

Front 34

gas --> liquid

Back 34

condensing

Front 35

gas --> solid

Back 35

reverse sublimation

Front 36

solid --> gas

Back 36

sublimation

Front 37

chemical change

Back 37

when one or more substances change into new substances
--oxidize, corrode, tarnish, ferment, burn, or rot

Front 38

chemical property

Back 38

ability of a substance to combine with or change ino one or more other substances

Front 39

element

Back 39

pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substacces by chemical means

Front 40

compound

Back 40

when two or more elements comine in fixed composition by weight. can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

Front 41

law of definite proportions

Back 41

the elements comprising comounds comine in definite proportions by mass

Front 42

percent by mass

Back 42

mass of element
% by mass= ---------------- x 100
mass of compound

Front 43

mixture

Back 43

somthing that has variable compositon and is made of a number of pure substances and each pure substance retains its individual properties

Front 44

pure substance

Back 44

always have the same composition
--compounds or elements

Front 45

homogeneous mixture

Back 45

same throughout.
--dissolved salt in water

Front 46

heterogeneous mixture

Back 46

has regions that contain different properties from those of other regions

Front 47

filtration

Back 47

used to seperate and insoluble solid from a liquid. pour the mixture onto a mesh, such as a filter paper, which allows the liquid to pass through and leaves the solid behind.

Front 48

distillation

Back 48

used to seperate either a liquid from a soluble solid like salt water or a two liquid mixture with different boiling points.
1st liquid evaporates then passes through a condenser which turnes it back into a liquid and seperates the two liquids

Front 49

energy

Back 49

ability to do work or produce heat
--kinetic & potential

Front 50

law of conservation of energy

Back 50

any chemical reaction or physical process, energy can be converted from one form to another, but it is neither created nor detroyed

Front 51

calorie

Back 51

amount of energy/heat required to raise the temp. of one gram of water by one degree Celcius
-- 1 cal = 4.184 J

Front 52

SHC

Back 52

the amount of energy required to change the temp. of one gram of that substance by one degree celcius. ( J/gºC)
-- Q= SHC x m x ∆T in ºC

Front 53

exothermic process

Back 53

heat is transferred from the system to the surroundings

Front 54

endothermic process

Back 54

heat is transferred to the system from the surroundings