Chemistry Study For Brittany

Front 1

Define the word "reactants"

Back 1

The starting materials in a chemical reaction

Front 2

Define "products"

Back 2

The new materials produced

Front 3

Define "word equation"

Back 3

Using the names of chemical reactants and products instead of models

Front 4

Name the 4 types of Chemical Reactions

Back 4

Synthesis reactions, Decomposition reactions, Single displacement, Double displacement

Front 5

What is a "Synthesis reaction"

Back 5

Involves joining atoms to make a molecule, or joining elements to form a compound

Front 6

What is a "decomposition reaction"?

Back 6

Involves separating molecules to make atoms, or splitting compounds to form elements.

Front 7

What is "single displacement"?

Back 7

A chemical reaction where an element reacts with a compound. The element replaces one of the compound's elements and in doing so, creates a new compound

Front 8

What is "double displacement"?

Back 8

A chemical reaction where elements in different compounds replace each other

Front 9

Define "combustion"

Back 9

Reactions involve the burning of a chemical substance in oxygen

Front 10

Metals burn in oxygen to produce _____?

Back 10

A metal oxide

magnesium + oxygen = magnesium oxide

Front 11

Non-metals burn in oxygen to produce ____?

Back 11

A dioxide


carbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide

Front 12

Name two "hydrocarbons"

Back 12

Butane and propane

Front 13

Hydrocarbons burn in oxygen to produce ________?

Back 13

Carbon dioxide and water


hydrocarbon fuel + oxygen = carbon dioxide and water

Front 14

What is the "Law of Conservation of Mass"?

Back 14

The mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products

Front 15

What does the "Law of Conservation of Mass" mean?

Back 15

The mass was not lost during the chemical reaction, and the resulting chemical equation is balanced

Front 16

Define "electrolyte"

Back 16

A substance that dissolves in water, producing a solution that is able to conduct electricity

Front 17

In what TWO ways do you recognize a binary ionic compound?

Back 17

#1 only 2 elements are present

#2 metal and non-metal

Front 18

How do you name a binary ionic compound?

Back 18

Name the metal first, ie. magnesium

Name the non-metal, adding ad "ide" at the end, ie. oxide

= magnesium oxide

Front 19

How do you write a formula for a binary ionic compound?

Back 19

Use the cross over method

Determine the charge on each ion

Write both ions with their charge

Front 20

How do you recognize a polyatmoic ionic compound?

Back 20

A metal and a polyatomic ion are present

(only exception is ammonium ion)

Front 21

How do you name a polyatomic ionic compound?

Back 21

Name the metal first

Then name the polyatomic ion

Front 22

How do you write a formula for a ployatomic ionic compound?

Back 22

Write the ions with their charges (remember to treat the atom as a package)

Determine the charge on each ion

Write both ions with their charge

Use the crossover method

Reduce the coefficients to their lowest denomination

Front 23

How do you recognize a binary molecular compound?

Back 23

Only contains two elements

Two non-metals

Front 24

How do you name a binary molecular compound?

Back 24

Name the element that is found furthest LEFT on the periodic table first

If both elements are in the same group, name the element furthest down

Then name the other element with an "ide" ending

Add a prefix to the beginning of each element to indicate the ratio of atoms

2 --> di
6 --> hexa

= diphosphorus hexachloride

Front 25

How do you write a formula for a binary molecular compound?

Back 25

The prefix tells you how many of each atom we have per compound

Front 26

How do you write the name of a compound containing a TRANSITION METAL?

Back 26

Write the name the same way you would for a binary ionic compound or a polyatomic compound depending on which type of compound you have

Put the charge of the "transition metal" ion in brackets beside it

Front 27

How do you write the formula for a compound containing a transition metal?

Back 27

In the name, you are given the charge of the metal

You aready know the charge of the main element

Use crossover method!

Front 28

Define "concentration"

Back 28

The amount of a substance in a given volume

Front 29

How does "concentration" affect "reaction rate"?

Back 29

The greater number of reactant particles of a substance, the greater the chance that the particles will bump into each other. Therefore, the reaction rate increases.

Front 30

Define "surface area"

Back 30

The amount of area of a chemical that is visible and able to react, ie the surface area of a whole orange is the outer peel

Front 31

How does "surface area" affect "reaction rate"?

Back 31

The higher the surface area, the faster the reaction rate, because the available surface for a chemical reaction increases

Front 32

How can you increase surface area?

Back 32

By decreasing the sizes of the pieces of the reactant

Front 33

Define "temperature"

Back 33

Refers to the average speed of particles. When you increase the temperature of a substance, you increase the speed with which the particles are moving.

Front 34

How does "temperature" affect "reaction rate"?

Back 34

As molecules move faster at a higher temperate, they encounter and collide with more molecules thus increasing reaction rate.

Front 35

Define a "catalyst"

Back 35

A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without being used up in the reaction. The catalyst decreases the amount of energy that is needed to break the bonds

Front 36

What are "enzymes"?

Back 36

Specialized proteins that speed up reactions of living cells

Front 37

How does a "catalyst" affection "reaction rates"?

Back 37

The energy required for the reaction to occur decreases and therefore more reactions will occur

Front 38

Define "acid"

Back 38

A sour-tasting compound that produces hydrogen ions when it dissolves in water

Front 39

Define "balanced chemical equation"

Back 39

An equation in which there are equal numbers of atoms for each element on both sides

Front 40

Define "base"

Back 40

A bitter tasting, slippery feeling compound that produces hydroxide ions when it dissolves in water

Front 41

Define "exothermic"

Back 41

A physical or chemical change that results in the release of energy

Front 42

Define "indicator"

Back 42

A chemical that changes colour in response to changes in pH

Front 43

Define "neutralization"

Back 43

The reaction between an acid and a base, which results in a salt and water

Front 44

Define "pH scale"

Back 44

A scale that measures the relative acidity or alkalinity of a substance