Chemistry - Solutions Test

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exists when the solubility reaction is in equilibrium. No additional solute can be dissolved; the solution is "at capacity"

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saturated solution

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when all the solid material dissolves; more could dissolve if it was present

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unsaturated solution

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an unstable condition in which there is more dissolved solute than the solution can theoretically hold

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supersaturated solution

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Formedat high temperatures where the solubility of the solid is higher, and thenallowed tocoolslowly

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supersaturated solution

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agitation =

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stirring

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Generally,a slight agitation in supersaturated solution causes the excess dissolved solute to crystallize leaving a ___ ___

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saturated solution

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solubility curves showsthe solubilities ofmany compounds as a function of ____

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temperature

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lines of saturation

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solubility

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Pointson a line represent a ___ solution of that solute

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saturated

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Areas below the line represents ___ solutions

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unsaturated

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Areas above the line represent ___ solutions

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supersaturated

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waysto express how much solute is dissolved in a solvent

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qualitative & quantitative

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dilute, concentrated

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qualitative

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Molarity, molality, % by volume

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quantitative

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a little solute dissolved in thesolvent

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dilute

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a lot of solute dissolved in thesolvent

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concentrated

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used to determine concentration

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molarity

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dilute & concentrated are ___ ___

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relative terms

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(M - most common) moles of solute/liters of solute

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molarity

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(m - Usedfor Bp andFpcalculations) moles of solute/kilograms of solute

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molality

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IN MOLARITY PROBLEMS

- Convert,if necessary, mass to ___

- Convert, if necessary, volume to ___

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moles; liters

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Whena solution is diluted, ___ is added to lower its concentration

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solvent

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refersto the more concentrated solution

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stock solution

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Whenwater is added to a stock solution, its concentration ___

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lowers

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moles BEFORE = moles AFTER

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M1V1 = M2V2

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partiallydissociates. Most solute particles stay intact and only a few dissociate intoions

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weak electrolyte

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Acetic Acid, an example of......

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weak electrolyte

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isa solute that does not dissociate into ions. The solute particles stay intact

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nonelectrolyte

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An example is sugar. Most covalentsolutes are non-electrolytes

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nonelectrolyte

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solute exists as molecules only (dissolving - nonconductor!!)

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non electrolyte

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solute exists as ions & molecules(dissolving some dissociation - some what conductor)

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weak electrolyte

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solute exists as ions only - (dissociation - conductor)

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electrolyte

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example of gas & gas solvent

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air

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example of gas & liquid solvent

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Carbonated drinks

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example of solid & solid solvent

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alloys (Fe & C

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solute then solvent.............or solvent then solute? (in a cup)

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solute then solvent

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2 ways to increase the solubility of a gas

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decreased temp & increased pressure

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what type of relationship do gases have in a graph

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inverse