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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood:Gas Coefficient
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The rate of increase of the alveolar partial pressure of the inhaled anesthetic towards the inspired partial pressure is inversely related to the solubility of the anesthetic in blood.
How quickly an inhaled anesthetic will build up partial pressure & anesthitize the pt. ONSET Ex. The lower the bld:gas coefficient = less soluble = faster onset (10:1= 10 in bld & 1 in alveolar gas--- .47:1=.47 in blood and 1 in alveolar gas). |
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Oil:Gas Coefficient
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POTENCY
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Solubility of a Gas Depends 4 things
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1. Partial pressure
2. Temperature 3. The identity of a gas 4. the identity of the liquid (solvent) |
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Weight/Volume %
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# of grams of solute per 100mL of solvent
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Colligative property
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A property of a Solution that depends only on the number of dissolved particles, not on their chemical identity.
Ex: vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point, osmosis |
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High partial pressure = less soluble in blood = ? blood:gas coefficient
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Low bld:gas coefficient
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Partition Coefficient temp
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37 degrees Celsius
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Determinants of alveolar partial pressure & therefore brain partial pressure of inhaled anesthetic are...
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1. Input of anesthetic into alveoli
2. Uptake of anesthetic from alveoli to capillary blood. Pi = PA = Pa = Pbr |
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Low Partial Pressure = more soluble in blood = ? blood:gas coefficient
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High blood: gas coefficient
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Vol/Vol %
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The number of mL of solute per number of mL of solution
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Bunsen Coefficient & Ostwald Coefficient
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Physical terms that relate to the solubility of a gas in a liquid
Bunsen = gas disolved at STP & temp concerned Ostwald = gas disolved at a given temp |
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Molarity
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The number of moles per Liter of solution
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Vapor Pressure temp
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20 degrees celcius
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Henry's Law
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The solubility of a gas directly proportional to the partial pressure of gas if the temp is constant.
Solubility/Partial pressure gas = k C1/P1=C2/P2 |
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Classes of inhaled anesthetic
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1. Soluble: slow onset, ↓ alveolar partial pressure, ↑ blood:gas
2. Intermediately soluble: 3. Poorly soluble: Quick onset, ↑ alveolar partial pressure, ↓ blood :gas |
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Solubility
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The max amy of a substance that will dissolve in a given amy of solvent at a specific temp.
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Partition Coefficient
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The ratio of the amount of substance present in one phase compared with another, the two phases being of equal bol and in equilibrium (equal partial pressure).
Partition coefficients are used to describe partitioning between 2 media (blood:brain, blood:gas, oil:gas). |
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Tissue:Blood Coefficient
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Determines the uptake of anesthetic into tissue and the time necessary for equilibration of tissue with the Pa (artery)
ex: brain:blood coefficient the more soluble in the brain/tissue, the less building up of partial pressure in the alveoli |
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Oil:Gas Coefficient
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↑ lipid soluble = ↑ potency = ↓ MAC
Potency related to lipid solubility. |
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MAC
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the minimum alveolar concentration that will cause a response in 50% of the patent population.
High MAC = Low potency Low MAC = High potency |
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2 Gated Channels and Definition
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1. Voltage Gated Channels: respond to electrical potential
ex: Na K pump 2. Ligand Gated Channels: Open in response to a chemical/enzyme. ex: Acetyl Choline Def: Selectively permeable channels that allow certain thing thru related to size, shape, and electrical characteristics |
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Osmosis
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the movement of water between compartments from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration of water.
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osmotic pressure
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the pressure needed to oppose the movement of water down a solute concentration gradient across a cell membrane
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Aqua Poron
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Pores for water to diffuse through
-the number of pores varies with the membrane and with the signals -ex: ADH |
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OsmolaRITY
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quantitates the forces determining the distribution of water and refers to the number of osmotically active particles per LITER of SOLUTION
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OsmoLALITY
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a measure of the osmotically active particles per KILOGRAM of SOLVENT
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Morality Equation
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Mole/Liter
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Osmolarity Equation and Definition
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Osmole/Liter
Def: the difference between ionic compounds and the amount of solution |
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Starlings Forces
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1. Colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure : pulls water in (albumin/protein suck water in)
2. Hydrostatic pressure: push water out (ex. BP) |
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Fick's Law of Diffusion
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the rate of transfer of a gas through a tissue is proportional to the tissue area and the difference in gas partial pressure between the two sides, and inversely proportional to the thickness.
A/T x D (P-P2) |
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Graham's Law of Diffusion
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the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to its molecular weight
- the smaller the molecular weight the faster it will diffuse/transfer -light molecules travel faster, collide more frequently, and diffuse faster -the relative rates of their diffusion are inversely proportional to the square root of their densities (molec. weight). |
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Diffusion Constant
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related to the solubility
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