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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the 7 Diatomic Molecules
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H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
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What is Chemical Equilibrium
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The point at which there isno net change in the concentration of reactants and products in a reaction
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Electrolyte
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Substance that, when dissolved in water, can conduct electricity.
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Types of Electrolytes
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Strong, weak, and nonelectrolytes
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Salts of these ions are ALWAYS soluble
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Na, K, NH4, NO3, ClO3, ClO4, CH3CO2
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Salts of Cl, Br, and I are soluble EXCEPT when paired with these:
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Ag, Hg2, Pb
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Compounds containing F are soluble EXCEPT they contain
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Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb
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Salts of sulfate are soluble EXCEPT when they contain
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Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb
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Salts of CO3, PO4, C2O4, CrO4 are NOT SOLUBLE unless they contain...
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NH4 or an alkali metal
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Most metal sulfides are soluble or insoluble?
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insoluble
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Most metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble or soluble?
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Insoluble except Ba (OH)2
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Acid
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A compound that dissolves in water to give a hydrogen ion
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Base
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a compound that dissolves in water to give a hydroxide ion
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Name the 7 common strong acids
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HCl hydrocloric acid
HBr hydrobromic acid HI hydroiodic acid HNO3 nitric acid HClO4 perclhloric acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid HClO3 chloric acid |
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Productts are formed in this reaction when reactants exchange ion partners
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Exchange reactions, or double-replacement reactions
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Precipitation Reactions
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Double-replacement reaction when one of the exchange products is a solid compound that settles out from the solution
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Neutralization Reactions
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Double-replacement reaction where acid and base neutralize each other. Will have a compound starts with H and a compound ends with OH in the reactants
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Gas-Forming Reaction
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Double-replacement reaction with one of the products is a gas
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Unstable Gasses
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H2CO3 -> CO2 (g) + H2O
H2SO3 -> SO2 (g) + H2O NH4OH -> NH3 (g) H2O |
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
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Result in a transfer of electrons between reactants
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The Oxidation number of O is always ___ when combined
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-2, unless in peroxide, then -1
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The Oxidation number of H is always ___ when combined
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+1, unless with metals, then -1
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The oxidation number of flourine is always __ when combined
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-1
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The oxidation number of Cl, Br, and I is always ___ in compounds
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-1, excempt when combined with oxygen and flourine
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____ reactions are always Redox reactions, ____ are usually not.
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Displacement, Double-Exchange
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Stoichiometry
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The study of the quantitative relations between amounds of reactants and products in a chemical reaction
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Steps for Stoichiometry Calculations
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Mass a ---> Moles a
Moles a ---> Moles b Moles b ---> Mass b |
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Percent Yield
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actual yield
------------------------- x100 theoretical yield |
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Limiting Reactant
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The reagant in short supply limits the quantity of product that can be formed
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How do you identify the limiting reactant?
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Compare the molar ratio of the formula to the molar ratio of the reactants.
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