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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Density |
Mass per unit volume - D=M/V. |
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Kinetic VS. Potential Energy |
Potential Energy: is the stored energy in an object due of its position or configuration. Kinetic Energy: is the energy which a body possesses because of its motion. |
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Calories VS. calories |
The word “calorie” — with a lowercase “c” — means an amount of heat equal to 4.184 joules. The word “Calorie” — with a capital “C” — means 1000 calories (with a lowercase “c”), also known as a “kilocalorie” (also with a lowercase “c”). |
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Specific Heat |
The amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. |
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Carbs |
4 kcal/g |
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Fat |
9 kcal/g |
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Protein |
4 kcal/g |
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Physical Properties VS. Chemical Properties |
Physical Property: an aspect of matter that can be observed or measured without changing it. Examples of physical properties include color, molecular weight and volume. Chemical Property: may only be observed by changing the chemical identity of a substance. |
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Solid |
Particles vibrate in place, packed tightly (not much space), little energy, shape stays the same; definite shape and volume. |
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Liquid |
Particles move pretty freely, good amount of space, some energy, take shape of container; no definite shape, but definite volume. |
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Gas |
Particles are very fast and very far apart, a lot of energy, no definite shape or form. |
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Fission VS. Fusion |
Fission: the division of one atom into two. Fusion: combination of two lighter atoms into a larger one. |
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Alpha Particle |
Fast moving packet containing two protons and two neutrons (a helium nucleus). Alpha particles carry a charge of +2 and strongly interact with matter. |
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Beta Particle |
High-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted in the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus, such as a potassium-40 nucleus, in the process of beta decay. |
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Positron |
The antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron. The positron has an electric charge of +1 e, a spin of ½, and has the same mass as an electron. |
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Gamma Radiation |
Extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation and therefore consists of high-energy photons. |
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Isotope |
An atom of a given element may have a wide range in its number of neutrons. |
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Information: Mass Number |
The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. |
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Information: Atomic Number |
The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom - identifies a chemical element. |
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Pure substances - element or compound? |
Element - the most basic substance that we have - gold at AU. Compound - when it is made up of elements - H2O. |
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Mixtures - homogenous or heterogenous? |
Homogenous - you can't tell the different substances apart (salt water) Heterogenous - you can identify what substances are in the mixture easily (trail mix). |
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Specific heat equation |
C=Q/MT |
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How to calculate food energy levels? |
Multiply the carbs, protein and fat by their numbers - 4,4,9. |
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Periodic Trends |
Electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, melting point, metallic character. |
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Group |
Vertical columns |
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Period |
Horizontal rows |
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Subatomic Particle |
Proton, neutron, and electron. |
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Proton mass, charge and location in atom? |
mass - 1 charge - + location - nucleus |
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Neutron mass, charge and location in atom? |
mass - 1 charge - 0 location - nucleus |
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Electron mass, charge and location in atom? |
mass - 0.0005 charge - - location - outside nucleus |
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Determining the number of valence electrons in an atom? |
recognized by the group # |
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Electronegativity |
measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons |
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atomic radius (size) |
measure of the size of its atoms |
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ionization energy |
the amount of energy to remove the most loosely bound electron (valence electron) of an isolated gaseous atom to form a cation. |
