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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the reactions using alkanes |
Combustion Free radical substitution - with halogens, hydrogen halides |
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Do alkenes perform addition, substitution or elimination reactions? |
Addition reactions |
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What are the conditions for the reaction of an alkene with hydrogen? What type of reaction is this and what products are there ? |
Conditions- nickel catalyst, reactants are usually a gas, pressure is 423k Electrophilic addition Product is an alkane |
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How can you turn an alkene into an saturated molecule? |
Electrophillic addition: Hydrogenation -nickel catalyst, 423k Halogenation- at rm temp Addition of a hydrogen halide ( 2 possible products which are structural isomers of each other) Addition polymerisation high pressure, lots of alkenes |
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How can you turn an alkene into an alcohol? |
Addition reaction: Hydration- add steam with a phosphoric acid catalyst There are two possible products ( these are structural isomers of each other ) |
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How can you turn an alkane into a haloalkane? |
Free radical substitution with a halogen or halogen halide |
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Describe/ draw the mechanism for the reaction between ethene and hydrogen bromide: |
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How can you turn an alkene into a polymer ? |
Addition reaction : Heat lots of alkenes at high pressure Double bond breaks, they form long chains of repeat units |
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What type of fission is involved in the electrophillic addition of alkenes? |
Heterolytic fission of either a halogen or halogen halide ( where the halogen takes both the shared electrons when the covalent bond breaks) |
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What type of reaction does a haloalkane do? |
Nuclearphilic substitution reaction |
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list examples of nucleophiles and state what type of reaction they are used in |
_ OH H2O NH3 Nuclearphilic substutution with haloalkanes |
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How do you make an alcohol from a haloalkane? |
Nuclearphilic Substitution - add H2O or a _ OH ion |
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What is the one molecule that all of the alcohol reactions use? |
H2SO4 catalyst |
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What are the reactions with alcohols? |
Substitution of a sodium halide with a sulphuric acid catalyst to form a haloalkane Concebtrated sulphuric acid to form an alkene Oxidation with oxidising agent K2Cr2O7 and sulphuric acid catalyst ( written as K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4 ) is heated Elimination dehydration heated under reflux with an acid catalyst |
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describe the oxidation of a primary alcohol |
K2Cr2O7 will turn solution from orange to green If distilled during gentle heating, an aldehyde is formed If heated in reflux a carboxylic acid is formed |
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Describe the oxidation of a secondary alcohol |
K2Cr2O7 will turn solution from orange to green
If heated in reflux a ketone is formed |
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Oxidation of a tertiary alcohol |
No oxidation |
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why does K2Cr2O7 change from orange to green when reduced? |
Dichromate (VI) ion solution turns to a chromium (III) ion solution |
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Describe/draw the mechanism reaction for hydrolysis of chloro-ethane |
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How can you make a haloalkane?
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Free radical substitution of an alkane with a halogen or hydrogen halide electrophilic addition with a halogen or halogen halide Substitution of a sodium halide with sulphuric acid catalyst to an alcohol |
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Homolytic fission |
When a covalent bond is broken ( by UV light normally) and each atom takes one electron from the covalent bond each to form free radicals |
