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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Optically active
Possessing the ability to rotate the plane of polarized light
Orbital
An allowed energy state of an electron in the quantum mechanical model of the atom; the term orbital is also used to describe the spatial distribution of the electron, defined by three values: n,l, and msubl
Ore
A source of a desired element or mineral usually accompanied by large quantities of other materials such as sand and clay
Organic chemistry
The study of carbon containing compounds, typically containing carbon-carbon bonds
Osmosis
The net movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane toward the solution with greater solute concentration
Osmotic pressure
The pressure that must be applied to a solution to stop osmosis from pure solvent into the solution
Ostwald process
An industrial process used to make nitric acid from ammonia. The NH3 is catalytically oxidized by O2 to form NO; NO in air is oxidized to NO2 HNO3 is formed in a disproportionation reaction when NO2 dissolves in water
Overall reaction order
The sum of the reaction orders of all the reactants appearing in the rate expression when the rate can be expressed as an equation
Overlap
The extent to which atomic orbitals on different atoms share the same region of space when the overlap between two orbitals is large a strong bond may be formed
Oxidation
A process in which a substance loses one or more electrons
Oxidation number
A positive or negative whole number assigned to an element in a molecule or ion on the basis of a set of formal rules; to some degree it reflects the positive or negative character of that atom
Oxidation-reduction reaction
A chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of certain atoms change
oxidizing agent
The substance that is reduced and thereby causes the oxidation of some other substance in this kind of reaction
Oxyacid
A compound in which one or more OH groups, and possibly additional oxygen atoms, are bonded to a central atom
Oxyanion
A polyatomic ion that contains one or more oxygen atoms
Ozone
The name given to O3, an allotrope of oxygen
paramagnetism
A property that a substance possesses if it contains one or more unpaired electrons. this kind of substance is drawn into a magnetic field
Partial pressure
The pressure exerted by a paricular gas in a mixture
Particle accelerator
A device that uses strong magnetic and electrostatic fields to accelerat charged particles
Parts per billion
The concentration of a solution in grams of solute per 10^9 grams of solution; equals micrograms of solute per liter of solution for aqueous solutions
Parts per million
The concentration of a solution in grams of solute per 10^6 grams of solution; equals milligrams of solute per liter of solution for aqueous solutions
Pascal
An SI unit of pressure
Pauli exclusion principle
A rule stating that no two electrons in an atom may have the same four quantum numbers. as a reflection of this principle, there can be no more than two electrons in any one atomic orbital
Peptide bond
A bond formed between two amino acids
Percent yield
The ration of the actual yield of a product to its theoretical yield, multiplied by 100