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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Optically active
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Possessing the ability to rotate the plane of polarized light
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Orbital
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An allowed energy state of an electron in the quantum mechanical model of the atom; the term orbital is also used to describe the spatial distribution of the electron, defined by three values: n,l, and msubl
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Ore
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A source of a desired element or mineral usually accompanied by large quantities of other materials such as sand and clay
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Organic chemistry
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The study of carbon containing compounds, typically containing carbon-carbon bonds
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Osmosis
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The net movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane toward the solution with greater solute concentration
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Osmotic pressure
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The pressure that must be applied to a solution to stop osmosis from pure solvent into the solution
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Ostwald process
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An industrial process used to make nitric acid from ammonia. The NH3 is catalytically oxidized by O2 to form NO; NO in air is oxidized to NO2 HNO3 is formed in a disproportionation reaction when NO2 dissolves in water
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Overall reaction order
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The sum of the reaction orders of all the reactants appearing in the rate expression when the rate can be expressed as an equation
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Overlap
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The extent to which atomic orbitals on different atoms share the same region of space when the overlap between two orbitals is large a strong bond may be formed
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Oxidation
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A process in which a substance loses one or more electrons
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Oxidation number
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A positive or negative whole number assigned to an element in a molecule or ion on the basis of a set of formal rules; to some degree it reflects the positive or negative character of that atom
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Oxidation-reduction reaction
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A chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of certain atoms change
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oxidizing agent
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The substance that is reduced and thereby causes the oxidation of some other substance in this kind of reaction
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Oxyacid
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A compound in which one or more OH groups, and possibly additional oxygen atoms, are bonded to a central atom
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Oxyanion
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A polyatomic ion that contains one or more oxygen atoms
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Ozone
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The name given to O3, an allotrope of oxygen
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paramagnetism
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A property that a substance possesses if it contains one or more unpaired electrons. this kind of substance is drawn into a magnetic field
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Partial pressure
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The pressure exerted by a paricular gas in a mixture
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Particle accelerator
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A device that uses strong magnetic and electrostatic fields to accelerat charged particles
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Parts per billion
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The concentration of a solution in grams of solute per 10^9 grams of solution; equals micrograms of solute per liter of solution for aqueous solutions
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Parts per million
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The concentration of a solution in grams of solute per 10^6 grams of solution; equals milligrams of solute per liter of solution for aqueous solutions
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Pascal
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An SI unit of pressure
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Pauli exclusion principle
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A rule stating that no two electrons in an atom may have the same four quantum numbers. as a reflection of this principle, there can be no more than two electrons in any one atomic orbital
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Peptide bond
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A bond formed between two amino acids
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Percent yield
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The ration of the actual yield of a product to its theoretical yield, multiplied by 100
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