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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organic molecule
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a molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and/or phosphorus
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biosynthesis
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the process by which living organisms produce molecules
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carbohydrates
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organic molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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structural formula
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gives you the type & number of atoms in a molecule as well as showing which atoms are linked to which
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chemical bond
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a chemical connection between two atoms represented by a LINE in a structural formula; the sharing of two electrons between atoms
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carbon chain
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when carbon atoms are linked together in a line.
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double bond
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two lines between two atoms, representing two shared pairs of electrons
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triple bond
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three lines between two atoms, representing three shared pairs of electrons
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ring structure
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groups of carbon atoms (or sometimes other kinds of atoms) which bond to one another to form a ring.
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isomers
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two different molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structures or arrangements
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monosaccharides
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aka simple sugars; simple carbohydrates that contain 3-10 carbon atoms
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disaccharides
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carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides
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polysaccharides
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carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
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sucrose
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table sugar
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glucose
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the sugar which autotrophs make
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fructose
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the sugar in fruit
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dehydration reaction
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a chemical reaction in which molecules combine by ejecting water
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glycogen
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the starch made by humans and animals when they have excess carbohydrates to store
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hydrolysis
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breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
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