• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/23

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Roentgen Experiment
blocked cathode ray and pointed it at materials - they flouresced

-learned about "x-rays" and even if you can't see E emitted, radiation is still there
Becquerel Experiment
placed flour'nt mineral crystals on photographic plate in black paper - minerals gave off E

-discovered radioactivity
Rutherford - alpha, beta, gamma Experiment
placed thin Al sheets in path of U radiation and used magnets to bend beams

-discovered alpha, beta, and gamma radiation
Rutherford - Gold Foil Experiment
focused beam of alpha particles on sheets of gold foil - some passed through & others bounced back

1) most of V of atom is empty space

2) has very dense nucleus
Marie & Pierre Curie
attempted to isolate radioactive component of pitchblende

-discovered Polonium and Radium (all U components are radioactive)
radioactivity
spontaneous emission of nuclear radiation
unstable nuclei
radioactive nuclei with too many protons or too many neutrons (a radioisotope)
ionizing radiation
carries more energy that can eject electrons from atoms/molecules forming molecular fragments/ions
isotopic notation
from right to left: mass number on top, atomic number on bottom; element symbol; charge
annual radiation dose
5000mrem for people working with radiation, 500mrem otherwise, average exposure is 360mrem
alpha particles
largest nucleus (helium atom), stopped by skin (slowest form), positive charge
nuclear radiation
spontaneous injection of radiation from particles in atom
beta particles
equivalent to electron (1/1837amu), fast, can pass through skin, negative charge
gamma rays
pure E (no mass or charge), can pass farthest through skin, travel at speed of light
background radiation
the radiation that is naturally in the environment every day
Artificial Radiation - Ernest Rutherford Equations
Rutherford placed N gas in glass tube, bombarded it with alpha particles - found that some of N had converted to O isotope (hydrogen atom also produced)

-he performed first artificial transmutation
transmutation
conversion of one element to another naturally or artificially
Irene & Frederic Joilet-Curie
bombarded Al with alpha particles producing Phosphorus-30, first artificial radioactive isotope
Know how to identify (1) target nucleus, (2) projectile, (3) product nucleus, (4) ejected particle in a bombardment reaction.
REACTANTS: (1) larger atom, (2) smaller atom; PRODUCTS: (3) larger atom, (4) smaller atom
transuranium
elements with larger mass than uranium (later added to table in lanthanide & actinide series)
synthetic nuclei
atoms that have been artificially created (transuranium elements)
tracer studies
Tc-99m - measures cardiac output, locates strokes and brain/bone tumors; Ga-67 - diagnoses Hodgkin's disease; I-123 - diagnoses thyroid gland problems; Radiosodium-24 - locates abnormalities in circulatory system
irradiation
1) medical - Cs-137 - treats shallow turmors; P-32 - treats leukemia; I-131 - treats thyroid cancer

2) industrial - irradiation of food (can output a lot of radiation)