Chemistry Midterm Study

Front 1

Aufbau Principle

Back 1

Electrons enter orbitals of lower energy first

Front 2

Pauli exclusion principle

Back 2

An atomic orbital contains a maximum of two electrons

Front 3

Hund's Rule

Back 3

When electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with spins parallel

Front 4

Elements that are lustrous, malleable, ductile and good conductors

Back 4

Metals

Front 5

Elements with low ionization energy

Back 5

Metals

Front 6

Poor conductors

Back 6

Nonmetals

Front 7

Elements with high ionization energies

Back 7

Nonmetals

Front 8

Electronegativity increases when going to the _______ and decreases when going ______

Back 8

right, down

Front 9

What are the semi-metals? ( Staircase)

Back 9

B, Si, Ge,As,Sb,Te,At

Front 10

Are the group numbers the columns or rows?

Back 10

Columns

Front 11

Alkali Metals ( Far left column)

Back 11

Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

Front 12

Alkaline Metals ( Next to the far left column)

Back 12

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

Front 13

Alkali Metals are stored under ______.

Back 13

oil

Front 14

Noble gas discovered on the Sun

Back 14

Helium

Front 15

Noble Gases ( Far right column)

Back 15

He, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Front 16

Diatomic Elements (Mr. BrINClHOF)

Back 16

Br, I,N,Cl,H,O,f

Front 17

Halogens (next to noble gases)

Back 17

F, Cl,Br,I,At

They react to form salts

Front 18

Atomic radius increases going to the ______ and decreases going _____.

Back 18

left, up

Front 19

Attraction that an atom has for electrons when in a chemical bond. Has the same trend as ionization energy.

Back 19

Electronegativity

Front 20

Each time an electron is removed, the atom/ion becomes ____ because there is ___ electron to electron repulsion.

Back 20

smaller,less

Front 21

Cations are _____ ions.

Back 21

positive

Front 22

4

2 He

Back 22

alpha decay

Front 23

0

-1 e

Back 23

beta decay

Front 24

0

0 y

Back 24

gamma emission

Front 25

0

1 e

Back 25

positron decay

Front 26

the number that determines an elements amount of protons and electrons is its ________.

Back 26

atomic number

Front 27

If a substance changes into a new chemical, it has gone through what type of change?

Back 27

chemical change

Front 28

If a substance has changed its appearance, but not into a new chemical, it has gone through what type of change?

Back 28

Physical change

Front 29

give four examples of evidence of a chemical reaction

Back 29

evolution of a gas

formation of a precipitate

change in color

change in temperature

Front 30

mass are stays the same due to what law?

Back 30

Law of Conservation of Mass

Front 31

key words in a physical change

Back 31

cut

mold

bend

freeze

melt

boil

condense

sublime

dissolve

Front 32

key words in a chemical change

Back 32

react

decompose

rot

burn

explode

ferment

Front 33

list four chemical properties

Back 33

reactivity

flammability

stability

toxicity

Front 34

list three physical properties

Back 34

shape

color

smell

Front 35

What is a substance?

Back 35

pure matter

Front 36

what is a mixture?

Back 36

two or more elements that are not chemically bound

ex: salt water

Front 37

what is a compound?

Back 37

two or more elements that are chemically bound

ex: pure water

Front 38

What is a heterogenous mixture?

Back 38

a mixture where you can see the differences between the elements

Front 39

what is a homogenous mixture?

Back 39

a mixture that has a uniform composition ( solution)

Front 40

when adding and subtracting, the answer should have the same number of ________ as the number with the least ________ in the problem

Back 40

decimal places

Front 41

when multiplying and dividing, the answer should have the same number of _____ as the number with the least _______ in the problem

Back 41

sig figs

Front 42

how many significant figures does 0.00678091 have?

Back 42

6

Front 43

wavelength and frequency are _________ related.

Back 43

inversely

as frequency gets bigger, wavelength gets smaller

Front 44

What atomic model scientist said that electrons exist in discreet orbitals ( energy levels ).

Back 44

Bohr

Front 45

when light through gas is shown as one color

Back 45

line spectrum

Front 46

when electrons fall, light is _______

Back 46

released

Front 47

the shape of an s orbital is a _____

Back 47

sphere

Front 48

the shape of a p orbital is a ______

Back 48

dumbell

Front 49

the shape of a d orbital is a ______

Back 49

cloverleaf

Front 50

equation for kelvin

Back 50

celsius + 273

Front 51

Who said that waves behave like particles and particles behave like waves?

Back 51

Debroglie

Front 52

phosphate

Back 52

PO43-

Front 53

sulfate

Back 53

SO42-

Front 54

hydroxide

Back 54

OH-

Front 55

carbonate

Back 55

CO32-

Front 56

Nitrate

Back 56

NO3-