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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
[the same for all atoms of an element] |
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anions
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ion that has a negative charge
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atom
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the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element
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element
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a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
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cations
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ion that has a positive charge
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chemistry
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scientific study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
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covalent bond
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a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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compound
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a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
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density
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the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance
[grams per cubic centimeter / liter] |
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electrolysis
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the process in which an electric current is used to produce a chemical reaction, such as the decomposition of water
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frequency
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number of waves produced in a given amount of time
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hypothesis
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an explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested
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isotope
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an atom that has the same number of protons [atomic number] as other atoms of the element but that has a different number of neutrons
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ion
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an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a positive or negatvie charge
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gas
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a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape
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ionic bond
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a force that attracts electrons from one atom to another, which transforms a neutral atom into an ion
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liquid
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the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape
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precision
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the exactness of a measurement
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products
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substances formed in a chemical reaction
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polyatomic ion
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an ion made of two or more atoms
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principal quantum number
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the quantum number that indicates the energy and orbital of an electron in an atom
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lattice energy
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the energy associated with constructing a crystal lattice relative to the energy of all constituent atoms separated by infinite distances
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reactant
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the substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
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orbital
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a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons
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quantum
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the basic unit of electromagnetic energy; it characterizes the wave properties of electrons
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solid
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state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed
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theory
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an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning
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wavelength
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the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave
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valence electrons
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electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom, that determine that atom's chemical properties
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