Chemistry Midterm #1

Front 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Back 1

Matter

Front 2

A single, pure form of matter

Back 2

Substance

Front 3

Solid, liquid, gas

Back 3

States of Matter

Front 4

A rigid form of matter with a defined volume and shape, usually higher density, where the molecules have defined position for atoms

Back 4

Solid

Front 5

Form of matter with a defined volume but an undefined shape, usually has a lower density, neighbors in a molecule touch one another-constantly moving molecules.

Back 5

Liquid

Front 6

A form of matter with the lowest density, fluid volume and shape, have essentially no contact/attraction

Back 6

Gas(vapor)

Front 7

Material is dissolved into another pure substance (ie water)

Back 7

Aqueous

Front 8

Gaseous form of a material that is usually a liquid or solid

Back 8

Vapor

Front 9

Anything that can take the shape of its container

Back 9

Fluid

Front 10

Measurement for solids and liquids

Back 10

g/mL or g/cm^3

Front 11

Measurement for gases

Back 11

g/L

Front 12

Defines how one substance changes into another, requires that the substance being studied changes its identity.

Back 12

Chemical Properties

Front 13

A property that can be identified without changing the substance's identity (color, phase, state, density)

Back 13

Physical Properties

Front 14

A property where it doesn't matter how much of a substance you have: i.e. temperature/density

Back 14

Intensive (Intrinsic)

Front 15

A property where it does matter how much of a substance you have (volume, mass, etc)

Back 15

Extensive (extrinsic)

Front 16

Two extensive properties leveraged against one another create an _____ property
i.e. density

Back 16

intensive

Front 17

What are the two types of energy?

Back 17

Kinetic and Potential Energy

Front 18

What is kinetic energy?

Back 18

Energy of movement

=(1/2)m(v^2)

Front 19

What is potential energy?
i.e. gravity

Back 19

Energy of position in a field of force/function of forces acting on a standing particle

=mgh

Front 20

What is the gravitational constant?

Back 20

9.81 m/(s^2)

Front 21

The energy charged particles feel when next to one another. The potential energy of an electric charge in the vicinity of another electric charge; the potential energy is inversely proportional to the separation of the charges.

Back 21

Coulomb Potential Energy

F=(q1q2)/(4piE0r)

Where
q=charge
E0=Permittivity of the vacuum
r=radius

Front 22

Permittivity of the vacuum:
8.854 X (10^-12)[C^2/Jm]

Back 22

E0(Epsilon Subscript Zero)

Front 23

Measure of electrical energy/charge

Back 23

Coulombs

Front 24

Fundamental charge unit
1.602 x (10^-19)Coulombs

Back 24

e

Front 25

The sum of a particle's kinetic and potential energies

Back 25

Total Energy

Front 26

The observation that the energy can be neither created nor destroyed.

Back 26

Law of conservation of energy

Front 27

The energy generated by the acceleration of charged particles. It is composed of 2 fields:
Oscillating electric field and Oscillating magnetic field

Back 27

Electromagnetic Energy

Front 28

Orthogonal Electric Field: Orthogonal to one another

Back 28

Oscillating Electric Field

Front 29

Electric field affects a charged particle whether it's moving or not. Magnetic field affects only if charged particle is moving.

Back 29

Oscillating Magnetic field

Front 30

When a chemical bond is broken, the sign of the energy is?

Back 30

+

Front 31

To break a bond it ______ energy.

Back 31

Costs

Front 32

To Form a bond, you _____ energy.

Back 32

Receive

Front 33

The smallest part of an element that can exist (the smallest piece of an element that has all the physical and chemical properties of that element)

Back 33

Atom

Front 34

A substance composed of only one type of atom

Back 34

Element

Front 35

Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

Back 35

Isotopes

Front 36

Protons and Neutrons are in the _____

Back 36

Nucleus

Front 37

Atomic Number=number of protons
Nuclide Number=Number of protons and neutrons

Back 37

Z and A

Front 38

Number of objects equal to the number of atoms present in exactly 12 grams of Carbon-12.

Back 38

Mole

Front 39

Conducts electricity, has a luster, is malleable, and ductile

Back 39

Metal

Front 40

Does not conduct electricity and is neither malleable nor ductile.

Back 40

Nonmetal

Front 41

Has the appearance and some properties of a metal but behaves chemically like a nonmetal.

Back 41

Metalloid

Front 42

Vertical columns of the periodic table are called _______

Back 42

Groups

Front 43

The horizontal rows are called ____

Back 43

Periods

Front 44

The four rectangular regions of the periodic table are called _____

Back 44

Blocks

Front 45

The members of the d block

Back 45

Transition Metals

Front 46

The elements in Group 1 are called the ______. They are soft, lustrous metals that melt at low tmperatures.

Back 46

Alkali metals

Front 47

The elements of Group 2 are called the ______.

Back 47

Alkaline earthmetals

Front 48

The elements on the far right side of the table. They are called this because they combine with very few elements. They are all odorless, colorless gases

Back 48

Noble Gases

Front 49

This group's characteristics vary greatly. They are right next to the noble gases.

Back 49

Halogens

Front 50

The same # of objects as there atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12

Back 50

Mole

Front 51

The mass per mole of particles.

Back 51

Molar Mass

Front 52

The numerical value of its molar mass.

Back 52

Atomic Weight

Front 53

Numerical value of its molar mass.

Back 53

Molecular weight or Formula weight

Front 54

The sum of the atomic masses of the elements that make up that molecule.

Back 54

Molar Mass

Front 55

Each element has between ______ isotopic forms

Back 55

2 and 5

Front 56

Sigma quantum number of (fractional abundance of the isotope times the atomic mass)

Back 56

Average mass

Front 57

% of the isotope/100

Back 57

Fractional abundance

Front 58

If you have .5 mol of CO2 you have

Back 58

All of these

Front 59

If you see parenthesis around the atomic mass, that means

Back 59

Manmade or unstable

Front 60

The first 83 elements are the most stable, except:

Back 60

TC-Technetium-Nuclear Medicine
PM-manmade

Front 61

Elements of the periodic table are monoatomic, meaning

Back 61

They only count one

Front 62

Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer

Back 62

H2 N2 F2 O2 I2 Cl2 Br2

Front 63

The first two columns of the periodic table and He are known as the ?

Back 63

s block elements

Front 64

The block from Sc to Zn is called the

Back 64

D block or transition metals

Front 65

From B to Ne are the ___

Back 65

P block elements

Front 66

The stuff on the bottom are _____

Back 66

F Block

Front 67

The top row of the f block is

Back 67

Lanthanides/rare earth

Front 68

the bottom row of the F Block are the

Back 68

Actinides/transradiants

Front 69

What is the element on top of the column that names the family?

Back 69

Lead element

Front 70

What is the 6th Column called?

Back 70

Chaleogens

Front 71

What was Mendeleev's major contribution?

Back 71

First Periodic table (was able to predict the properties of the elements based on this table

Front 72

What is the merging of properties to describe matter (everything has a wave and particle characteristic)

Back 72

Quantum Mechanics

Front 73

To observe the internal structures of atoms, we watch how these particles interact with ________

Back 73

Electromagnetic Radiation

Front 74

This helps us measure electromagnetic radiation

Back 74

Spectroscopy

Front 75

Distance from peak to peak or trough to trough

Back 75

Wave length

Front 76

Wavelength is measured in

Back 76

nanometers

Front 77

How many waves pass in a certain amount of time

Back 77

frequency measured in Hz

Front 78

What kind of curve is radioactivity?

Back 78

sine

Front 79

(wavelength)(frequency)=

Back 79

speed of light

Front 80

Long wavelengths have_____

Back 80

low frequencies

Front 81

Short wavelengths have ________

Back 81

high frequencies (danger)

Front 82

Something that absorbs and emits all wavelengths without a preference

Back 82

Blackbody

Front 83

When a blackbody is heated, the phenomena called ________ occurs, where the color of light moves to shorter wavelengths and is brighter. Light has a blue shift - moves toward shorter wavelength which is blue and brighter.

Back 83

Incandescence

Front 84

Light moves towards a shorter wavelength

Back 84

Blue shift

Front 85

Any blackbody at a nonzero temperature will emit ultraviolet gamma and x rays. (doesn't exist)

Back 85

UV Catastrophe

Front 86

Proposed the exchange of energy between matter and radiation is in packets called quanta. Energy wasn't like a stream of water, it was like rocks or bbs.

Back 86

Planck

Front 87

E=nhv=(nhc)/wavelength

Back 87

Atom oscillating of a given frequency

Front 88

First evidence to back up Planck. Could only happen because electrons are pushed over from the metal to the wire.

Back 88

Photoelectric effect

Front 89

The ejection of electrons from a metal exposed to UV radiation

Back 89

Photoelectric effect

Front 90

No electrons are ejected unless the wavelength is above a threshhold value.

Back 90

Rule #1 of Photoelectric effect

Front 91

Electrons are immediately ejected regardless of intensity.

Back 91

Rule #2 of the Photoelectric effect

Front 92

KE of electrons ejected increases linearly with the wavelength of radiation.

Back 92

Rule #3 of the Photoelectric effect

Front 93

Packet of energy whose energy could be calculated

Back 93

E=h(frequency)

Front 94

The number of photons ejected

Back 94

Intensity

Front 95

(wavelength) x Power x time/
h x speed of light

Back 95

Number of protons ejected (intensity)

Front 96

This man is known for wave-particle duality.

Back 96

deBroglie

Front 97

P measured in (J/sec)

Back 97

Power

Front 98

wavelength=(h/mv)=(h/p)

Back 98

deBroglie's equation

Front 99

Large items have _____ wavelengths.

Back 99

Very small

Front 100

Denies the ability to know the position and momentum precisely at the same time (complementarity)

Back 100

Wave particle duality

Front 101

Energy (electromagnetic radiation) behaves like waves (diffraction, wavelength, frequency) but also possesses particle behavior (photons)

Back 101

Wave Particle duality

Front 102

____ denies the ability of knowing the trajectory of particles (complementarity)

Back 102

Duality

Front 103

Know the heisenberg Uncertainty principle.

Back 103

GO LOOK IT UP DUMBASS

Front 104

The lowest state of energy a system can have

Back 104

Zero point energy

Front 105

Reduction in full attraction of e-s to the nucleus due to repulsion of other electrons is called _______

Back 105

shielding

Front 106

Ability of an electron in a particular orbital to get closer to the nucleus than another; more nodes, less ability to burrow to nucleus.

Back 106

Penetration

Front 107

"inner shell" electrons that are never touched

Back 107

Core electrons

Front 108

"outer shell" electrons; responsible for bonding and chemistry of a given atom

Back 108

valence electrons

Front 109

An atom with more (anion) or less (cation) electrons than protons

Back 109

Ion

Front 110

Amount of energy it takes to completely remove an electron from outermost occupied atomic orbital of a gaseous atom

Back 110

Ionization Energy

Front 111

The size of a neutral atom; determined from empirical data,

Back 111

Atomic radius

Front 112

Amount of energy released when electrons are added to a gaseous atom

Back 112

Electron Affinity

Front 113

Negative

Back 113

Exothermic