Chemistry Mid-Term

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Chemistry

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chemistry is the study is the composition of substances and the changes they undergo

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organic chemistry

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the study of most carbon-containing compounds

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inorganic chemistry

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the study of non-organic substances

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physical chemistry

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the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy

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physical chemistry

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the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy

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analytical chemistry

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the identification of the components and composition of materials

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biochemistry

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the study of substances and processes occurring in living things

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theoretical chemistry

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the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds

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chemical

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any substance that has a definite composition

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mass

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a measure of the amount of matter

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matter

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anything that has mass and takes up space

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matter

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anything that has mass and takes up space

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atom

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the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element

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element

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a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom

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compound

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a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances

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physical property

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a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

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physical change

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a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

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physical change

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a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

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solid

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matter that has definite volume and shape

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physical change

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a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

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solid

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matter that has definite volume and shape

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liquid

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matter that has definite volume but indefinite shape

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physical change

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a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

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solid

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matter that has definite volume and shape

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liquid

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matter that has definite volume but indefinite shape

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gas

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matter that has neither definite volume or shape

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plasma

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high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms

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chemical property

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a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

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chemical property

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a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

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chemical change

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a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

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reactants

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the substances that react in a chemical change

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reactants

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the substances that react in a chemical change

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products

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the substances that are formed by the chemical change

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mixture

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a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties

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homogeneous mixture/solution

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uniform in composition

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kool-aid

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heterogeneous mixture

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not uniform in composition

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salad

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pure substance

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a fixed composition and differs from a mixture because every sample has the same characteristic properties and composition

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metal

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an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor

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nonmetal

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an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

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scientific method

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a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses and formulating theories that are supported by data

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density

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the ratio of mass to volume, or mass divided by volume

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D=m/v

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conversion factor

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a ratio derived from the equality between two different units that can be used to convert from one unit to the other

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accuracy

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the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured

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precision

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the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way

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significant figures

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a measurement consist of all the digits known with certainty plus one final digit, which somewhat uncertain or is estimated

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dalton's atomic theory #1

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all matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms

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dalton's atomic theory #2

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atoms of a given element are identical in size,mass and the other properties

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dalton's atomic theory #2

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atoms of a given element are identical in size,mass and the other properties

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dalton's atomic theory #3

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atoms cannot be subdivided,created or destroyed

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dalton's atomic theory #4

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in chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated or rearranged

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rutherford

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discovered the nucleus of an atom

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thompson

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discovered the atom

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atomic number

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an element is the number of protons of each atom of that element

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isotopes

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atoms of the same element that have different masses

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mass number

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total number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope

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electromagnetic radiation

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a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

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electromagnetic radiation

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a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

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wavelength

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the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves